Using TED Talks In English Language Teaching (ELT): Supplemental Resources for English Language Teaching (ELT)

The objective of this research is to discuss using TED Talks in English Language Teaching (ELT). This research uses the descriptive qualitative method. Based on the findings, it shows that TED Talks can help students learn a variety of skills on English skills such as speaking, listening, and writing skills. In speaking, TED Talks allow the students in listening to a good example of talks/lecturers and to analyze how they are structured and presented. The students can be given the opportunity outside of class to watch selected TED Talks, so these talks are can be analyzed in class and the students are familiar with the language and content. In listening, TED talks are delivered by native English speakers from all over the world which allows the students to see some TED chats about a subject that concerns them, by merely listening to a native English speaker. They can help develop their understanding, vocabulary, and pronunciation skills. In writing, available TED Talks’ transcripts allow the students to read along with the spoken word. This can develop their skills in grammar and vocabulary to hear what is being said quickly. It is important to point out that there are lots of websites or digital channels where the students and teacher can find TED Talks English video which provides speeches or presentations from world inspirational figures from various fields with various interesting topics. These video-based language learning make the students understand the influential TED Talks concepts and explore them more. Teaching English with TED Talks supports every English language program with easy-to-use classroom tools. TED talks are also great resources for teachers like approach to teaching ESL. English Language Teaching by using TED Talks is one of the authentic supplemental resources for English teachers to manage in English language learning programs.


INTRODUCTION
Currently entering the era of globalization, technology is used in all aspects of life, one of them in world education. This technology provides a variety of learning resources that can be accessed at any anytime. When the growth of teaching and ideas is freely accessible, the use of informative, fascinating, and inspirational media in the teaching-learning process has several advantages. The usage of media is closely linked to the use of language. Indeed, media may facilitate the process of language acquisition. In terms of the language itself, it is one of the most significant things in the world, serving as the primary means of communication. Individuals may convey their thoughts, feelings, and aspirations via language, both verbally and non verbally. TED is a well-known example of open-access teaching and learning medium.
TED is an educational media organization that hosts conferences and events around the world. TED speaker sessions, called TED Talks, are provided in video form on the TED website. These videos can be watched anytime and anywhere (Amalia, 2020). TED stands for 'Technology, Entertainment, and Design' (DeCesare, 2014, p. 17). TED Talks is a division of TED. TED Talks provide a 'constrained' presentation that is often more inspiring, creative, and engaging (Gallo, 2014). It is supported by Maser (2021) that TED is a nonprofit organization devoted to spreading ideas, usually in the form of short, powerful talks (18 minutes or less). These instructional pieces are intended to be no more than 18 minutes in length and cover a variety of significant subjects and concepts. The topics cover a variety of subjects, from amusement to language teaching.
Presentations from TED conferences were captured by TED Talks. The reach of TED has been ever wider, and with TED's success around the world, the quality of the videos, speakers, and content has increased. Anderson (2016) states that in the beginning, TED was an annual conference that brought the worlds of technology, entertainment, and architecture together. But it has grown to include every subject of public concern in recent years. Therefore, TED Talks exist in technological advancements, especially in the field of education (Nursafira, 2020). Ziebell (2019) states that TED talks are great resources for teachers in teaching ESL. TED is a nonprofit organization and developed to spread ideas and knowledge, especially in short and powerful speeches. There are TED talks about almost every conceivable topictechnology, science, design, health, the environment, personal growth, and many others. Currently, over 3100 talks are available. Therefore, it is possible to find an inspiring talk for every individual student in the class. As supported by Kumar & Mohanasundaram (2020, p. 13) that TED Talk is one of the web's popular high-ranking video networks, hosting numerous influential talk shows covering every subject, such as English. The TED short talks will have a huge effect on English language learners, along with the subject matter, to interactively develop vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar. Ted Talks spark class conversation from an educator's point of view and help to promote the interpretation of course content by the students/learners. TED Talks can spark class discussion from an educator's point of view and help facilitate the understanding of course material by students/learners. TED talks are a useful tool for teaching English as a foreign language. … (Nurhidayat & Syarifah, 2019). Learning English with TED Talks is a supplementary resource for students participating in English language learning courses. This video-based language learning software enables learners from TED Talks to understand and explore powerful concepts.
When teaching English with TED talks, we can choose one which has a lot of vocabulary in it to help students learn as much as possible. Never mind if the talks may contain difficult words because almost all of them have transcripts in multiple languages. So, with the help of the transcript, the meaning of difficult words can be grasped quickly. Talk is more effective in written form than anything (Anderson, 2016). Learning English with TED Talks helps any English language program.
With easy-to-use classroom materials and encourages learners to find their voice in English. TED talks offer free and engaging content for anyone teaching or learning English (Ziebell, 2019). Teachers can use them to enhance their lessons and spark their students' interest in language learning. Ziebell (2019) states that TED talks are one of the resources for educators/teachers in teaching a CLIL-like approach in teaching ESL. The organization is non-profit and dedicated to spreading and sharing ideas, primarily in short form and powerful speeches. There are TED talks about almost every conceivable topictechnology, science, design, health, the environment, personal growth and many others. Currently, over 3100 talks are available. Therefore, it is possible to find an inspiring talk for every individual student in class.
From seeing the explanation above, the researcher is interested to review the previous related studies of TED Talks in English Language Teaching (ELT). Therefore, the objectives of this research are to discuss using TED Talks in English Language Teaching based on the previous related studies of TED Talks.

LITERATURE REVIEW
TED is a non-profit organization formed by the Sapling Foundation in 1984 as a conference. TED provides speeches or presentations (TED Talks) from world inspirational figures from various fields with various interesting topics and has been adapted in more than 100 languages. With the motto "Ideas Worth Spreading", TED Talks is created to change the world through big ideas from world thinkers (Rubenstein, 2012). This TED has a motto "Ideas Worth Spreading" or what can be interpreted as an idea that will be more valuable if disseminated or it can also be interpreted as the dissemination of valuable ideas.
With such a motto, TED Talks presents various inspirational figures who will explain ideas according to the inspirational figure's background. TED has started to develop after two decades, with developing in a good direction, TED presents various kinds of conferences to programs, such as TEDx, TED Fellows, and many more.
TED can easily be called the epicenter of world-changing ideas (Medal, 2014, p. 117). So, why watch the TED Talks video? First, TED Talks are very inspiring. The teachers will be fascinated by the variety of inspirational videos on offer, and can even get valuable life lessons just by watching videos. We can go to www.ted.com and watch some talks. Now, these talks are available for download and streaming online (Meyer, 2013).
With the development of TED, what is discussed in TED Talks is increasingly diverse, and has even begun to discuss things, such as politics, health, and education. Weinschenk (2012) states that these are short talks by accomplished people in their field. Many of these people do not make a living making presentations, but all the presentations are really interesting. By attending TED Talks, we will learn a lot about successful presentations. TED Talks are also very effective as a teaching and learning medium. All videos on TED Talk are compiled in a concise, concise, and attractive manner so that the listener doesn't get bored quickly. The average TED Talks video has a minimum duration of 5 minutes and a maximum of 18 minutes. This duration is considered effective for a speaker to describe a theme and provide more complete and sufficient information and can keep the attention of the listeners.

RESEARCH METHOD
This research uses the qualitative method. The essence of the qualitative approach focuses on method, comprehension, and meaning. A key tool of data gathering and interpretation is the researcher. According to Knapp & Daly (2011, p. 64), the qualitative researcher tends to build claims, close analysis of words and visual images inductively rather than working deductively to test them or to result from numbers but result in product descriptively.
The technique of collecting data in this research is by using document analysis or documentation. Given (2015, p. 96) states that a document is a text that can take many forms such as a website, publication, or other forms of textual materials. The document or artifact can be created or used for different purposes related to the research (Sensing, 2011, p. 128). The document of this research is taken from selected article journals that have been published. The researcher limits the data to be analyzed based on article journals in the last five years. By reading the titles and articles' content, the researcher can see whether the selected articles focus on researching the application of TED Talks for teaching English.
The technique of analyzing data in this research involves some steps, they are looking for the article journal of TED Talks in Google Scholar, especially TED Talks in English Language Teaching (ELT), selecting the appropriate and relevant article journals, downloading those article journals, reviewing and analyzing the article journals, then concluding all article journals has been reviewed and analyzed descriptively.

Findings
This research is to discuss using TED Talks in English Language Teaching (ELT) based on the previous related studies of TED Talks. There are some previous related studies related to TED Talks in English skills. The descriptions are as follow:

TED Talks in Speaking Skill
There are some previous studies related to TED Talks in speaking skills, they are:

No Research Title and Objective
Result of Study 1.
Students` and lecturers` beliefs about the use of TED Talk videos to improve students` public speaking skills (Nugraheni, 2017). This research is to know the beliefs of both the lecturer and the students about the TED Talks video to enhance their ability to talk to the public.
The results of this analysis show that the students and the lecturers had different opinions. Direct contact between students and lecturers is necessary to achieve common beliefs. It can be concluded that TED Talks are helpful to enhance the students' public speaking skills. The views of students and lecturers were understood in reality by the use of the TED Talks video.

2.
Utilizing TED Video to Improve Students' Public Speaking Skills for Academic Purposes (Zahriani, 2018). The result shows that public speaking teaching by exploring the style of TED talks is affecting the students who speak in public. TED Talks play a significant role in developing public speaking skills, which is increased by 18. speaking ability. There was no substantial difference in speaking performance between male and female students before any treatment. TED Talks had been shown to have a significant effect on reducing student speaking anxiety. Gender does not have a significant effect on language anxiety.

5.
The Effectiveness of Using TED Talks Video in Improving Students Public Speaking Skills in Senior High School (Farid, 2019). This study analyzes the feasibility of using TED video talks and explores students' perceptions of using TED video talks to enhance students' public speaking skills.
The result revealed that the students' experience of using the TED Talks video in improving the students' public speaking skills is that the students responded favorably. The use of TED Talks is very useful in improving students' public speaking abilities.

6.
Effectiveness of TED talks on public speaking skills among university students (Li, 2015). This study to figure out watching TED talks would be a more successful way of developing university students' public speaking skills.
The result shows that watching TED talks effectively helps students develop their public speaking skills in their university.
Based on the above-mentioned examples, it reveals that six previous studies related to TED Talks in speaking abilities, such as 1) the beliefs of students and lecturers on the use of ted talks video to improve the public speaking skills of students, 2) the use of TED video to improve the public speaking skills of students for academic purposes, 3) the impact of TED talks video on the speaking capacity of students in English. 4) Enhancing Speech Performance and Decreasing Speaking Anxiety Using TED Talks, 5) The Efficacy of Using Video TED Talks to Enhance Public Speaking Skills in Senior High School Students, and 6) The Effectiveness of TED talks in university students on public speaking skills.

TED Talks in Listening Skill
There are some previous studies related to TED Talks in listening skills, they are:

No
Research Title Result of Study 1.
The Implementation of TED Talk Video (TTV) as a Media to Teach Listening for Al-Hikmah Students (Khoirani & Hadi, 2018). The purpose of this study is to investigate the implementation of TED Talk Video (TTV) as a teaching listening tool in the classroom and to explore the students' reaction to TTV in teaching listening.
Analysis of the findings found that the teaching-learning process felt more relaxed for both teachers and students. TTV provided more advantages than the limitations associated with their listening abilities, most students said. It can also be inferred that TTV is an effective way of teaching listening. 2.
TED Talks Video And Students' Listening Skills (Fahmiansyah & Abdulrahman, 2018). The goal of this analysis is to figure out whether or not the use of the TED Talks video affects the listening ability of grade eleven students.
The test result shows that H0 is rejected and Ha is approved which indicates that the use of TED Talks has a major impact on the listening capacity of grade 11 students.

3.
Using TED Talks as Authentic Videos to Enhance Students' Listening Comprehension and Motivation (Ana, 2004). This paper examines the use of authentic video material in our EFL classrooms and the benefits of using video materials for instruction.
The findings revealed that our students thought they were getting better at maintaining information and were able to concentrate more on the assignment because the videos were good for their age. It was also discovered that after studying with authentic videos, their English listening comprehension skills improved and that they had a good attitude about using these videos.

4.
Implementing TED Talks as Authentic Videos to Improve Taiwanese Students' Listening Comprehension in English Language Learning (Wu, 2020). This research paper discusses the application of authentic video materials in classrooms where EFL is listening.
The findings showed that most students found having watched the TED talks video enhanced their listening comprehension. In the TED Talks, students remembered their context information and analyzed the material.  (Zuhdi, 2020).
The result shows that www.ted.com is very beneficial for improving Listening skills when combined with English Subjects. It is justified in the first cycle, which achieved minimum completeness of 57 % and subsequently increased to 79 % cycle.
Based on the examples above, it shows that six previous studies related to TED Talks in listening skills such as 1) both teachers and students felt more comfortable conducting the teaching-learning process by using TED Talks. Most students said that TED Talks offered more benefits than drawbacks associated with their listening skills. Therefore, it can be concluded that TTV is important media to be used to teach listening, 2) TED Talks has a major impact on the listening capacity of the students, 3) The students felt that they were getting better at retaining knowledge and were able to concentrate more on the task given as the videos were suitable for their age. It was also discovered that after studying with authentic videos, their English listening comprehension skills improved and that they had a good attitude about using these videos, 4) that most students found having watched the TED talks video enhancing their listening ability. In the TED Talks, students remembered their context information and analyzed the material, and 5) One alternative to solve the problem above is trialed learning media through www.ted.com. Most of the students are very interested, excited, enthusiastic, and feel happy.

TED Talks in Writing Skill
There are some previous studies related to TED Talks in writing skills, they are:

No
Research  (Sakti, 2019). This research is aimed to explore whether TED Talks student video motivates the students and to find out the students' opinion of the TED Talks video on learning.
Based on the analysis, the TED Talks video is implemented in writing class. As 15 students are to be inspired and agree. Upon seeing the video, the 11 students didn't care, because they were confused about the contents and felt difficult to understand the video. When the lecturer plays the video, the students are interested, more concentrated, and very enthusiastic. It also encourages students to learn how to write and agree about whether TED Talks should be applied to motivate them in writing class. 2. The Effectiveness of Using TED Talk and TED-Ed As Alternative Media to Improve Writing Skill in Hortatory Exposition Text (Hermawan, 2019). This study aims to determine whether the use of TED Talks and TED-Ed videos as alternative media is effective in improving the writing skills of hortatory exposition text in 11th-grade students of SMA Negeri 11 Semarang in the 2018/2019 academic year.
The results of this study indicate that the differences in the writing skills of students who are taught using the TED Talk and TED-Ed videos to improve the writing skills of hortatory exposition texts are not too significant. This can be seen in the test results through the independent hypothesis t-test. The video TED Talk and TED-Ed as an alternative media in teaching writing skills for hortatory exposition in the grade 11 SMA Negeri 11 Semarang is proven effective in their writing. 3. The Effectiveness of Using TED Talk and TED As Alternative Media to Improve Writing Skill in Hortatory Exposition Text (Hermawan, 2019). This study aims to determine whether the use of TED Talks and TED-ED videos as alternative media is effective in improving writing skills of hortatory exposition text in 11th-grade students of SMA Negeri 11 Semarang in the 2018/2019 academic year.
The study indicates that the differences in writing skills of students who are taught using TED Talk and TED-Ed videos to improve writing skills of hortatory exposition texts and those who are not taught using hortatory exposition texts are not very significant. That the TED Talk and TED-Ed videos as alternative media in teaching writing skills in the hortatory exposition class in 11th grade at SMA Negeri 11 Semarang proved to be not very effective.
Based on the examples above, it shows six previous studies related to TED Talks in writing skills. TED Talks video is implemented in writing class make the students are interested, more concentrated, and very enthusiastic. It also encourages students to learn how to write and agree on whether TED Talks should be applied to motivate them in writing class. The video TED Talk and TED-Ed as alternative media in teaching writing skills are proven very effective in the students' writing skills. For this assignment of writing, the learners can select and view a TED Talk on www.TED.com on any topic of their interest. By finding out its strengths and limitations, they would then prepare and write an article in which they objectively evaluate the TED Talk they have chosen. After they have chosen which TED Talk you want to analyze for this essay assignment, they can write an English essay and think critically about the effectiveness of the presentation while answering questions such as "What is the key point of the presentation of the speaker? What qualifications does the speaker have to provide on the subject? What facts and other proof does the speaker give to the speaker? What types of convincing appeals in his/her presentation does the speaker use? For this lecture, who is the target audience (i.e. who will benefit more from listening to this presentation)? What is the wider discussion about the topic? And what other views can be taken into consideration?.

DISCUSSION
TED Talks can be integrated into the class dynamic with a wide range of learning purposes such as the idea of teaching English as a foreign language (López-Carril et al., 2020). Therefore, TED talks offer free and engaging content in teaching or learning English (Ziebell, 2019). Teachers can use them to enhance their lessons, spark their students' interest in language learning, and develop English skills. Based on the findings of previous related studies, it shows that TED Talks can improve and give effect to English skills such as speaking, listening, and writing skills.
TED Talks can help students learn a variety of skills (Kusumastuty et al., 2019). First, in speaking skills. The beginning steps of teaching speaking are to allow the students in listening to a good example of talks/lecturers and to analyze how they are structured and presented (Newton et al., 2018). If it is possible, the students should be given the opportunity outside of class to watch one or two TED Talks selected by the teacher, so these talks are can be analyzed in class and the students are familiar with the language and content. Ideally, these talks model are important text structure, for example about problem-solution, compare-contrast, and cause-effect.
All examples above show that TED Talks can develop and affect speaking skills. TED Talks is very helpful in developing the public speaking skills of students, public speaking teaching by exploring the style of TED talks is affecting the students, then TED Talks play and significant role in developing public speaking skills. TED Talks video has had a positive impact on the speaking capacity of students, TED Talks had a significant impact on enhancing student speaking ability, and TED Talks is very effective in developing the public speaking skills of the students (Farid, 2019). The research shows that watching TED talks effectively helps students develop their public speaking skills (Li, 2015). These statements are also supported by (Newton & Nation, 2020) that some of the most valuable resources available for helping learners understand the nature of formal speaking are TED Talks, especially the set of talks provided on the TES website under the title "Great TED Talks for language practice".
The second is listening skills. TED talks are delivered by native English speakers from various countries in the world. To think about English, they do not need to listen to a TED discussion about grammar. We can see some TED chats about a subject that concerns us and, by merely listening to a native English speaker, we can help develop our vocabulary, understanding, and pronunciation skills.
TED Talk is an online site that provides various kinds of videos in English with a variety of materials. Starting from Business, Technology, Science, and others. Well, the advantage is that this TED, apart from giving us knowledge, also provides a transcript of existing videos. So that we will easily understand every statement from the source. At the same time, we learn to listen to how native people speak. We can listen to various interesting presentations while working. Also, because the speakers come from all over the world, we can learn English from a variety of interesting accents. The level of English present in this podcast is different in each episode because Ted Talk always presents different speakers on various topics. And the most exciting thing is that the Ted Talk podcast does not only come in the form of a conversation but also the form of a video. TED.com is a site that provides video content in English. Watching videos on ted.com is a great way to improve listening comprehension skills.
Third, in writing skills. TED transcripts of a TED talk are available online so that we can read along with the spoken word. This allows us to develop our skills in pronunciation and to hear what is being said more quickly. It is important to point out that there are lots of websites or digital channels where we can find legitimate videos that can help us have the medium for students to interact using English. (María et al., 2018).
Learning English with TED Talks is a supplementary resource for teachers and students enrolled in English language learning programs. The video-based language learning app helps learners understand and discuss the powerful ideas of TED Talks. Each English language curriculum with easy-to-use classroom resources is sponsored by Learn English with TED Talks and helps learners to discover their English voice.
It also helps the practice of a language, TED Speaks. Learning English makes powerful ideas accessible to learners at four language stages via TED Talks. For words and phrases, immersive transcripts on the app include the definitions contained in the TED Talk. Students/learners practice new vocabulary, syntax, and speech methods independently, and prepare for debates in the classroom.
TED Talks are teachers' easy-to-use tools. TED Talks Learn English gives teachers resources that make it possible for a school to have TED Talks. To complement the existing program, language aim similarities allow teachers to identify the right TED Talks. Lesson plans include suggestions for using TED Talks in as little as thirty minutes a class to learn English to meet our needs in the classroom. New Classroom Presentation Method activities reinforce the new vocabulary and ignite meaningful discussion through prompts and open-ended English assignments.
Utilizing TED Talks and TED-Ed may be very beneficial and engaging for students. TED Talk and TED-Ed are fantastic resources to utilize since they include authentic, informative, and inspirational talks and videos for teaching and learning. Students may get knowledge of language style, culture, and also the expression of a native speaker.

CONCLUSION
TED itself stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design. TED is a non-profit organization that has successfully gathered inspiring world figures where they will present presentations conveying various ideas from various fields or backgrounds. They also have a motto that reads "Ideas Worth Spreading" which means that ideas will be more valuable if they are disseminated or disseminated valuable ideas. Therefore, at the TED Talks, there will be a very competent figure who will present his ideas according to his background. In its early days, TED only focused on 3 areas of Technology, Entertainment, and Design. Over time, TED has now expanded to many fields, such as Education, Training, Languages , etc.
TED Talks can help students learn a variety of skills such as speaking, reading, listening, writing. TED Talks can be used as a complementary resource for students in participating in English language learning programs. The video-based language learning software lets learners understand the influential TED Talks concepts and explore them. Learn English with TED Talks supports every English language program with easy-to-use classroom tools and encourages learners to find their voice in English.