Proses Ekstraksi Antioksidan dari Daun Kalanchoe pinnata: Studi Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel dan Kinetika Maserasi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55123/insologi.v4i4.6183Keywords:
Antioxidant Activity, DPPH, Kalanchoe Pinnata, Maceration Kinetics, Particle SizeAbstract
Kalanchoe pinnata leaves are rich in bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic constituents, which exhibit notable antioxidant properties. However, the efficiency of extraction processes is highly influenced by operational variables such as the type of physical pre-treatment and maceration duration. This study aims to evaluate the effect of three physical pre-treatment methods (manual grinding, chopping, and blending) and maceration periods ranging from 3 to 5 days on the antioxidant activity of K. pinnata leaf extracts using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Results indicate that the grinding method combined with five days of maceration yields the highest antioxidant activity (95.04%), while blending leads to the lowest activity (81.78%), presumably due to heat-induced degradation of active compounds. Kinetic observations show that antioxidant activity tends to plateau on day five, particularly in ground samples. These findings highlight the critical influence of particle size reduction and solvent–solid contact time on mass transfer efficiency during extraction. This preliminary investigation provides a scientific basis for further research on the optimization of natural antioxidant extraction processes and the development of functional herbal formulations derived from K. pinnata leaves.
Downloads
References
Afotey, B., Agbenorhevi, J. K., De-Souza, L. D. K., Logosu, J. K., Kpodo, F. M., & Falade, K. O. (2023). Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) pectin yield as influenced by particle size and extraction solvent. Food Chemistry Advances, 3, 100339. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOCHA.2023.100339
Agarwal, H., & Shanmugam, V. K. (2019). Anti-inflammatory activity screening of Kalanchoe pinnata methanol extract and its validation using a computational simulation approach. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 14, 6–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IMU.2019.01.002
Al-Rimawi, F., Sbeih, M., Amayreh, M., Rahhal, B., & Mudalal, S. (2024). Evaluation of the effectiveness of natural extract as a substituent for synthetic preservatives and antioxidants in pharmaceutical preparations. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 32(5), 102014. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSPS.2024.102014
Andi Aladin, Takdir Syarif, D Darnengsih, Sabrianah Badaruddin, & Nurafni Ridwan. (2021). Pengaruh Waktu Perendaman Terhadap Daya Awet Ikan Katombong Dalam Larutan Asap Cair Tongkol Jagung Grade 1 Hasil Pirolisis. Journal of Chemical Process Engineering, 6(2), 118–123.
Augustyniak, A. M., Rotsztejn, H., Bartnicka, E., & Budzisz, E. (2016). Effects of reactive oxygen species on skin photoaging. Dermatology Review, 3, 233–239. https://doi.org/10.5114/dr.2016.60630
Bogucka-Kocka, A., Zidorn, C., Kasprzycka, M., Szymczak, G., & Szewczyk, K. (2018). Phenolic acid content, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of four Kalanchoë species. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(4), 622–630. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SJBS.2016.01.037
Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., & Berset, C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 28(1), 25–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5
Chakraborty, S., Deka, G., & Dutta, H. (2025). Effect of particle size, probe type, position and glassware geometry on laboratory-scale ultrasonic extraction of Citrus maxima flavedo. Food Physics, 2, 100040. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODP.2024.100040
Chen, J., Liu, Y., Zhao, Z., & Qiu, J. (2021). Oxidative stress in the skin: Impact and related protection. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 43(5), 495–509. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12728
de Menezes, B. B., Frescura, L. M., Duarte, R., Villetti, M. A., & da Rosa, M. B. (2021). A critical examination of the DPPH method: Mistakes and inconsistencies in stoichiometry and IC50 determination by UV–Vis spectroscopy. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1157, 338398. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ACA.2021.338398
Faria-Silva, C., Scavone, D., Marto, J., Carvalheiro, M., & Simões, S. (2025). Topical foams containing natural saponins: a world of opportunities in pharmaceutical and cosmetic sciences. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 109, 106988. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JDDST.2025.106988
Gafurov, K., Muslimov, B., Saidmuratov, U., Kuldosheva, F., Ibragimov, R., & Rakhmatov, U. (2021). Kinetic dependences for the extraction of apricot pits kernels with ethanol-water solvent. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 848(1), 012018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/848/1/012018
Gulcin, İ., & Alwasel, S. H. (2023). DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay. Processes, 11(8), 2248. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11082248
Hamim, S. M. I., Roney, M., Uddin, Md. N., Issahaku, A. R., Chhando, K. S., Aluwi, M. F. F. M., & Omar, N. A. M. (2025). Investigating the potential compounds of Kalanchoe pinnata plant for the treatment of inflammation utilizing molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation approach. In Silico Research in Biomedicine, 1, 100007. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INSI.2025.100007
Han, H., Dye, L., & Mackie, A. (2023). The impact of processing on the release and antioxidant capacity of ferulic acid from wheat: A systematic review. Food Research International, 164, 112371. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODRES.2022.112371
Kim, I. Y., & He, Y. Y. (2014). Ultraviolet radiation-induced non-melanoma skin cancer: Regulation of DNA damage repair and inflammation. Genes & Diseases, 1(2), 188–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GENDIS.2014.08.005
L’Oréal Groupe. (2023, July 4). L’Oréal Groupe at World Congress Of Dermatology 2023, Unveils New Research and Innovations For The Future of Skin and Hair Care, and Reinforces Its Commitment to Inclusive and Sustainable Beauty. L’Oréal. https://www.loreal.com/en/press-release/research-and-innovation/l-oreal-groupe-at-world-congress-of-dermatology/
Milićević, N., Kojić, P., Sakač, M., Mišan, A., Kojić, J., Perussello, C., Banjac, V., Pojić, M., & Tiwari, B. (2021). Kinetic modelling of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolics from cereal brans. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 79, 105761. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ULTSONCH.2021.105761
Mota, S., Sousa, E., Cruz, M. T., & Martins de Almeida, I. (2025). Occurrence and ecotoxicity of cosmetic ingredients in aquatic ecosystems: A narrative review. Emerging Contaminants, 11(3), 100512. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EMCON.2025.100512
Mousumi, A., Nowsad, A. K. M. A., Hossain, M. I., & Shahriar, A. (2025). Comparative study on the use of antioxidants rich vegetables and first evidence of carotenoids and phenolic compounds from fresh carrot as natural antioxidants to stabilize lipid in highly fatty hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha). Applied Food Research, 5(1), 100979. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AFRES.2025.100979
Papaccio, F., D′Arino, A., Caputo, S., & Bellei, B. (2022). Focus on the Contribution of Oxidative Stress in Skin Aging. Antioxidants, 11(6), 1121. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061121
Rachmah, A. N. L., Fatmawati, A., & Widjaja, A. (2022). Impact of surfactant-aided subcritical water pretreatment process conditions on the reducing sugar production from oil palm empty fruit bunch. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 963(1), 012005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/963/1/012005
Rachmah, A. N. L., Sekaringgalih, R., Ruliana, B., & Ansori. (2023). Bioetanol dari Limbah Keju (Whey) menggunakan Kluyveromyces Marxianus. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dan Sains, 4(3), 167–171.
Rohilla, S., Chutia, H., Marboh, V., & Mahanta, C. L. (2022). Ultrasound and supercritical fluid extraction of phytochemicals from purple tamarillo: Optimization, comparison, kinetics, and thermodynamics studies. Applied Food Research, 2(2), 100210. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AFRES.2022.100210
Singh, S., Kumar Sharma, S., & Kumar Kansal, S. (2020). Dataset on aqueous solid-liquid extraction of gossypol from defatted cottonseed in acidic medium using green solvent, its kinetics and thermodynamics study and mass transfer effects. Data in Brief, 31, 105620. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DIB.2020.105620
Suherman, Kumoro, A. C., Anam, K., Susanto, E. E., & Badaruddin, S. (2021). Development of Effervescent Tablets Based on Red Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosc. Var. Rubrum) and Rosella Flower (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.). International Journal of Advanced Research, 9(09), 720–727. https://doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/13473
Tang, X., Yang, T., Yu, D., Xiong, H., & Zhang, S. (2024). Current insights and future perspectives of ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure: Friends and foes to the skin and beyond the skin. Environment International, 185, 108535. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVINT.2024.108535
Tirpanci Sivri, G. (2024). Mathematical modeling of extraction kinetics from black chokeberries enhanced by cold plasma pretreatment. LWT, 202, 116297. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LWT.2024.116297
Vázquez-Vázquez, J., Barajas-Salazar, M., Casas-Godoy, L., Alcázar-Valle, M., Arellano-García, L., & Barrera-Martínez, I. (2024). Enhanced extraction of antioxidant phenolics: Quercetin, Kaempferol, Gallic Acid, Syringic Acid, and Epicatechin from fresh berries and their waste using Ultra-Turrax and Ultrasonication. Applied Food Research, 4(2), 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AFRES.2024.100539
Wei, M., He, X., Liu, N., & Deng, H. (2024). Role of reactive oxygen species in ultraviolet-induced photodamage of the skin. Cell Division, 19(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13008-024-00107-z
World Health Organization. (2024, July 5). Ultraviolet radiation. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ultraviolet-radiation
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Sabrianah Badaruddin, Alif Nur Laili Rachmah, Ratih C F Ratumanan, Ronald Darly Hukubun, Tamaratritania Citta Trisnantari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Hak cipta pada setiap artikel adalah milik penulis.
Penulis mengakui bahwa INSOLOGI (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) sebagai publisher yang mempublikasikan pertama kali dengan lisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Penulis dapat memasukan tulisan secara terpisah, mengatur distribusi non-ekskulif dari naskah yang telah terbit di jurnal ini kedalam versi yang lain, seperti: dikirim ke respository institusi penulis, publikasi kedalam buku, dan lain-lain. Dengan mengakui bahwa naskah telah terbit pertama kali pada INSOLOGI (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi).
