AUTHORSHIP AND CONTRIBUTORSHIP

Jurnal Manajemen expects that authorship reflects a substantial scientific contribution and a shared responsibility for the published work. This policy explains who may be named as an author, how the contribution of each author is stated, and how a change in the list of authors is handled. It applies to empirical studies, to theoretical or conceptual studies, and to other scholarly work that is submitted to the journal.

AUTHORSHIP AT A GLANCE
Who is an author	A person who meets all four criteria in section 1
Statement of contributions	Required for every manuscript, approved by all authors (section 2)
Agreement of all authors	Needed for the submission, the list and the order of names, and every substantial revision (section 3)
Corresponding author	Marked with an asterisk (*) and responsible for correspondence with the journal (section 4)
Generative AI	Cannot be named as an author (section 6)
Change in the list of authors	A written request, with the consent of all affected authors (section 7)
Questions	jurnal.mamen@gmail.com

1. Eligibility for Authorship

A person may be named as an author only if the person meets all of the following criteria.

Criterion	Requirement
(a)	Has made a substantial contribution to the concept or design of the study, to the collection of the data, or to the analysis and interpretation of the data.
(b)	Has drafted the manuscript or revised it critically for important intellectual content.
(c)	Has approved the final version of the manuscript.
(d)	Agrees to be accountable for the work, and to help resolve questions about its accuracy and integrity.

A person who made a substantial contribution should be given a fair opportunity to take part in the preparation of the manuscript. When an article comes from a thesis, a dissertation, or a research project, the supervisor, the head of a study program or department, the manager or the leader of an organization, or another supporter may be named as an author only if he or she also meets all four criteria. Otherwise, the person is thanked in the acknowledgments (see section 5).

2. Statement of Author Contributions

Every manuscript must come with a statement that gives the name of each author and the actual contribution of that author. All authors must approve the statement. A manuscript with one author also needs a statement. The contributions can be described in a few sentences, or with the roles of the CRediT taxonomy that are listed below. One role can be shared by several authors, and one author can have several roles.

The article template does not have a section for this statement. Please send it together with the manuscript, for example in the field for comments to the editor when you submit the manuscript in OJS, or when the editors ask for it during the review.

2.1 CRediT roles

No.	Role	Description
1	Conceptualization	Forming the ideas, the research goals, and the aims of the study.
2	Methodology	Designing the methodology and the approach of the study.
3	Software	Programming, developing, or implementing software or code for the study.
4	Validation	Verifying that the results can be repeated and that their overall quality is sound.
5	Formal analysis	Applying statistical, mathematical, or other formal techniques to analyze the data.
6	Investigation	Carrying out the research, including the collection of data and evidence.
7	Resources	Providing study materials, instruments, access to participants or organizations, or computing resources.
8	Data curation	Managing, annotating, and maintaining the research data.
9	Writing: original draft	Preparing the first draft of the manuscript.
10	Writing: review and editing	Critical review, comments, and revision of the manuscript.
11	Visualization	Preparing the tables, figures, and other presentations of the data.
12	Supervision	Oversight and leadership of the planning and the execution of the research.
13	Project administration	Managing and coordinating the research activity.
14	Funding acquisition	Obtaining the financial support for the project.

2.2 Example of a statement

Author contributions. Author One: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing: original draft. Author Two: Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation. Author Three: Supervision, Writing: review and editing. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

This example only shows the format. Write the statement so that it matches the actual contribution of each author.

3. Agreement, Order of Names, and Metadata

Topic	Requirement
Agreement of all authors	All authors must agree to the submission of the manuscript, to the list and the order of the names, to the statement of contributions, to the choice of the corresponding author, and to every substantial revision.
Order of names	The authors decide the order of the names together, on the basis of their contributions and the norms of the discipline. The journal does not judge the size of a contribution from the position of a name.
Equal contribution	A statement that authors contributed equally is allowed when it is accurate and all authors agree to it.
Metadata in OJS	Enter the name, the affiliation, and the email address of every author in the metadata when you submit the manuscript. They must be the same as in the manuscript. The layout of the names in the manuscript is explained in part D of the Author Guidelines.

4. Responsibilities of the Corresponding Author

The corresponding author is marked with an asterisk (*) in the manuscript. The role is that of the main contact with the journal. It does not give the person sole ownership of the work, and it does not allow the person to overrule the agreement of the other authors. The corresponding author must:

No.	Task
1	Make sure that everyone who qualifies as an author is listed and has agreed to the submission.
2	Coordinate the information about the authors and the declarations that the journal asks for.
3	Pass on the editorial correspondence to the other authors.
4	Keep an active email address, so that the editors can reach the author.

5. Contributors Who Are Not Authors, and Acknowledgments

A contributor who does not meet the criteria in section 1 is thanked in the Acknowledgments. In the article template, the acknowledgments are a subsection of section 5 (Conclusion). The authors must describe the role of each person who is thanked and must make sure that the person agrees to be named. The activities below do not make a person an author on their own.

Activity	How it is recognized
Funding of the research	Name the sponsor in the acknowledgments.
General supervision, or a position in an institution or a company	Thank the person in the acknowledgments, unless he or she also meets all four criteria.
Access to facilities, an organization, or respondents	Thank the person or the organization in the acknowledgments.
Routine technical work, for example entering data or distributing questionnaires	Thank the person in the acknowledgments.
Translation and language editing	Thank the person in the acknowledgments.
Administrative support	Thank the person in the acknowledgments.
Professional help with writing or editing	State the help and the source of its funding in the acknowledgments.

Thanking a person or a sponsor does not replace the disclosure of a conflict of interest. See the policy on Conflicts of Interest.

6. Authorship Practices That Are Not Accepted

Practice	Meaning
Gift or honorary authorship	Naming a person who has not made a real contribution, for example because of a position or a friendship.
Guest authorship	Naming a well known person to increase the status of the article, without a real contribution.
Ghost authorship	Leaving out a person who qualifies as an author, or hiding the role of a writer.
Buying, selling, or forcing authorship	Offering or demanding a place in the list of authors in return for payment, favors, or pressure.

Artificial intelligence. A system of artificial intelligence cannot be named as an author, because it cannot approve the work or take responsibility for it. The use of generative AI follows the Generative AI Policies of the journal.

7. Changes in Authorship

A request to add an author, to remove an author, to change the order of the names, or to replace the corresponding author must be sent to the editorial office at jurnal.mamen@gmail.com. The request must contain the following items.

No.	Item	Content
1	The manuscript	The title of the manuscript and the submission ID.
2	The change	The change that is proposed and the reason for it.
3	The statement of contributions	An updated statement, if the change affects it.
4	Written consent	The written agreement of all authors who are affected by the change.

The editorial office reviews the request, and it is not approved automatically. The handling of the manuscript can be paused while the request is examined. A request that is made after the manuscript has been accepted is examined more strictly. After publication, a change follows the policy on Correction and Retraction. If an author cannot be reached, the other authors must explain the situation.

8. Authorship Disputes

Situation	What happens
Before submission	Authors must settle any disagreement about contributions or the order of names before they submit the manuscript.
During editorial handling	The journal may ask for an explanation, but it does not decide between claims that conflict. An unresolved dispute can be referred to the institution of the authors, and the handling of the manuscript can be paused.
Suspected misconduct	A formal investigation follows the policy on Allegations of Misconduct.
After publication	Action on a published article follows the policy on Correction and Retraction.