PLAGIARISM AND RESEARCH INTEGRITY POLICY

This policy explains how Jurnal Manajemen checks the originality of manuscripts and what the journal does when a problem is found. A manuscript can be checked for textual similarity and for other aspects of research integrity before and during the editorial evaluation and the peer review. Authors are encouraged to check their own manuscript with a similarity tool before they submit it, and to submit the Letter of Originality with the manuscript.

PLAGIARISM CHECK AT A GLANCE
Plagiarism check	Yes, for every manuscript
Tools	Turnitin and Plagiarism Checker X
Similarity indicator	A result of about 15 percent or more can lead to an additional editorial review
Automatic rejection by percentage	No
Final judgment	Evaluation by the editors, who are people and not software
Contact	jurnal.mamen@gmail.com

1. Definition of Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the presentation of the words, ideas, data, arguments, images, results, creative work, or other contributions of another person as one’s own, without the acknowledgment, the citation, or the permission that is needed. It can be intentional, or it can result from attribution that is careless or incomplete. Both are a breach of publication ethics. See also Publication Ethics.

2. Forms of Plagiarism

The forms below are examples. The list is not complete.

No.	Form	Description
1	Direct plagiarism	Copying the words of another person without quotation marks and a citation.
2	Paraphrasing without attribution	Restating the text of another person in different words without giving the source.
3	Mosaic or patchwork plagiarism	Joining or slightly changing parts of one or more sources without acknowledgment.
4	Ideas without attribution	Using the ideas, the arguments, or the framework of another person without credit.
5	Improper use of data	Using data that belong to another person or another study without permission or acknowledgment.
6	Protected material without attribution or permission	Using, for example, images, tables, questionnaires, measurement scales, case materials, or company data without attribution or permission.
7	Misrepresentation of a quotation	Using the words of another person without marking them clearly as a quotation.
8	Misrepresentation of a source	Giving a citation that is wrong or misleading, so that the source does not support the statement.
9	Translation plagiarism	Translating a text from another language and presenting it as original writing.
10	Unauthorized authorship	Presenting work that was written by another person as one’s own, including the use of a paid writing service.
11	Improper text recycling	Reusing a text that has been published before, without disclosure and citation.

The use of generative AI to write or to rewrite a text must follow the Generative AI Policies of the journal.

3. Text Recycling, Articles from Theses, and Redundant Publication

Topic	Rule
Reuse of own work	An author who reuses his or her own earlier published work must disclose it and cite it.
Substantial duplication	Substantial duplication can be treated as improper text recycling or as redundant publication. A limited overlap, for example in the description of a standard research method, can be acceptable.
How the editors judge it	The editors consider the amount of duplication, where it is in the manuscript, the context, the attribution, whether the repetition is needed, and its scientific significance.
Articles from a thesis or a dissertation	An article that comes from a thesis or a dissertation must say so, for example in the acknowledgments. It must be rewritten as an article and not copied from the thesis.
Concurrent submission	The same manuscript must not be submitted to another journal at the same time.

4. Similarity Check

Every manuscript goes through an editorial check. The journal uses Turnitin and Plagiarism Checker X. A similarity percentage is only an early signal and never proof of plagiarism. An editor or an authorized member of the staff reads the report and looks at the sources, the amount, the location, and the nature of each match, at the attribution, and at the context, and not only at the overall score.

4.1 Matches that can be acceptable

No.	Type of match
1	The list of references.
2	Quotations that are correctly marked and cited.
3	Common terminology.
4	Standard statements of a research method.
5	The names of institutions.
6	Legitimate references to earlier publications.

4.2 How the percentage is read

A manuscript is normally expected to have a low overall similarity. A result of about 15 percent or more can lead to an additional editorial review. This figure is not a limit for automatic rejection. A manuscript below 15 percent can still contain plagiarism, and a manuscript above it may contain only acceptable matches. The final decision belongs to the editors.

5. Other Breaches of Research Integrity

The following breaches are taken seriously even when there is no plagiarism. They are handled under Publication Ethics and the policy on Allegations of Misconduct.

No.	Breach
1	Fabrication, falsification, or improper manipulation of data, including data from respondents, employees, informants, or other participants.
2	Manipulation or duplication of images and figures.
3	References or DOIs that are fabricated or falsified.
4	Manipulation of citations.
5	Duplicate or redundant publication that is not disclosed.
6	Improper authorship practices. See Authorship and Contributorship.
7	Manipulation of the peer review process.
8	Intentional misrepresentation of the methods, the ethical approval and consent, the participants, the findings, or the sources.

6. Editorial Procedure

Step	Stage	What happens
1	Screening	The manuscript is checked with the similarity tools and the integrity checks.
2	Human assessment	The editors review the parts that match, together with their sources.
3	Clarification	The authors can be asked to explain, to correct, to add citations, to rewrite, or to provide supporting documents.
4	Editorial decision	The result is matched to the seriousness of the problem.

7. Action Before Publication

Depending on the seriousness of the problem, the journal can take one or more of the following actions.

No.	Action
1	Ask the authors for clarification.
2	Ask for a correction of the citations or the attribution.
3	Ask the authors to rewrite or to revise the parts that overlap.
4	Ask for data, permissions, or supporting documents.
5	Pause the editorial evaluation while the problem is examined.
6	Reject the manuscript when substantial plagiarism, duplication, fabrication, falsification, or another serious breach is confirmed.

8. Action After Publication

When a problem is found after publication, the response follows the policy on Correction and Retraction.

No.	Possible response
1	A correction or a corrigendum.
2	An expression of concern while an investigation is not yet complete.
3	A retraction, when the published record is seriously unreliable or when a serious breach is confirmed.
4	A notice to the institution of the author or to another authority that is concerned.
5	Other proportionate steps to protect the scientific record.

9. Human Oversight and the Commitment of the Journal

Automated tools help the editors, but they do not decide whether a breach has happened. Qualified editors make the final decision, including on suspected plagiarism, text recycling, false references, concerns about AI, and other breaches. The journal bases its decisions on evidence and context and not on a percentage alone. When a problem is confirmed, the response of the journal is proportionate to its seriousness.

Questions about this policy can be sent to the editorial office at jurnal.mamen@gmail.com or to the publisher at jurnal@literasisains.id. Please read this policy together with the Author Guidelines and the Manuscript Preparation page.

Questions about originality and research integrity: jurnal.mamen@gmail.com