Analysis of Productive Zakat and GDP on Poverty Levels and Governance of Zakat Institutions in West Sumatra
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55123/mamen.v5i1.7118Keywords:
PDRB, Productive Zakat, Zakat Governance, Poverty Alleviation, Zakat ManagementAbstract
This study investigates the effects of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP/PDRB), productive zakat, and zakat governance on poverty in West Sumatra, using a Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) approach based on panel data from 19 districts/cities for the period 2020–2024. The findings reveal that PDRB has a significant negative effect on poverty, indicating that higher regional economic output contributes to lower poverty rates. A 1% increase in PDRB reduces poverty by –5.59E-05%, consistent with economic growth trends and declining poverty levels in West Sumatra in recent years. Conversely, productive zakat shows a negative but statistically insignificant effect on poverty, suggesting that its contribution remains limited at the provincial scale due to the relatively small allocation of productive zakat compared to consumptive distribution. The study also documents that zakat governance significantly strengthens the impact of PDRB on poverty reduction, but does not moderate the effect of productive zakat on poverty. These results emphasize the importance of improving zakat management, increasing productive distribution ratios, and strengthening empowerment-based programs to enhance zakat’s role in poverty alleviation. Future research is recommended to incorporate mediating variables such as employment and investment, and apply causal analysis methods to deepen the understanding of zakat’s economic impact.
Downloads
References
Adon, M. J., & Jeraman, G. T. (2023). Kontribusi Teori Kemiskinan sebagai Deprivasi Kapabilitas dari Amartya Sen dalam Upaya Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Miskin. Masyarakat Madani: Jurnal Kajian Islam Dan Pengembangan Masyarakat, 8(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.24014/JMM.V8I1.22295
Aeni, N. (2025). Zakat Produktif dan Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Mustahik: Studi Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Berbasis Syariah. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi Dan Akuntansi, 5(2), 01–12. https://doi.org/10.55606/JURIMEA.V5I2.914
Afriyanti, L. (2021). Analisis Pengaruh Zakat Produktif Baznas Kota Pariaman terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Kemiskinan Berdasarkan Model Cibest. Jurnal AL-AHKAM, 12(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.15548/ALAHKAM.V12I1.2912
Agussalim, A., Nursini, N., Suhab, S., Kurniawan, R., Samir, S., Tawakkal, T., Agussalim, A., Nursini, N., Suhab, S., Kurniawan, R., Samir, S., & Tawakkal, T. (2024). The Path to Poverty Reduction: How Do Economic Growth and Fiscal Policy Influence Poverty Through Inequality in Indonesia? Economies 2024, Vol. 12, 12(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ECONOMIES12120316
Ansori, T. (2018). Pengelolaan Dana Zakat Produktif untuk Pemberdayaan Mustahik pada LAZISNU Ponorogo. Muslim Heritage, 3(1), 177–196. https://doi.org/10.21154/MUSLIMHERITAGE.V3I1.1274
ANTARA News. (2025). Indonesia Eyes Rp327T Zakat Potential to Fight Poverty. https://en.antaranews.com/news/376225/indonesia-eyes-rp327t-zakat-potential-to-fight-poverty
Arif, A., Rieza, I. R. Al, Khadijah, K., & Handoko, L. H. (2024). A Systematic Literature Review of Productive Zakat Models. International Journal of Zakat, 9(Special), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.37706/IJAZ.V9ISPECIAL.520
Arifin, N., & Hendriyani, Y. (2022). PDRB, IPM, dan Kemiskinan di Indonesia. Finansha: Journal of Sharia Financial Management, 3(2), 87–103. https://doi.org/10.15575/FJSFM.V3I2.20947
Ayati, N., Siswanto, S., & Khusnudin, K. (2025). The Impact of Zakat, Infak, and Sedekah Funds, Life Expectancy, and Average Length of Schooling on Poverty Mediated by Economic Growth in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba, 11(2), 1017–1048. https://doi.org/10.20885/JIELARIBA.VOL11.ISS2.ART14
Ayuniyyah, Q., Pramanik, A. H., Md Saad, N., & Ariffin, M. I. (2022). The Impact of Zakat in Poverty Alleviation and Income Inequality Reduction from the Perspective of Gender in West Java, Indonesia. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 15(5), 924–942. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-08-2020-0403
BAZNAS. (2025). Tingkatkan Kesejahteraan Mustahik, BAZNAS RI Luncurkan Program Pendayagunaan di Sumbar. https://baznas.go.id/news-show/Tingkatkan_Kesejahteraan_Mustahik%2C_BAZNAS_RI_Luncurkan_Program_Pendayagunaan_di_Sumbar/3121
Beik, I. S., & Arsyianti, L. D. (2016). Measuring Zakat Impact on Poverty and Welfare Using Cibest Model. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 1(2), 141–160. https://doi.org/10.21098/JIMF.V1I2.524
BPS Sumbar. (2024a). Profil Kemiskinan Provinsi Sumatera Barat September 2024. https://sumbar.bps.go.id/id/pressrelease/2025/01/15/1330/profil-kemiskinan-provinsi-sumatera-barat-september-2024.html
BPS Sumbar. (2024b). Profil Kemiskinan Provinsi Sumatera Barat September 2024. https://sumbar.bps.go.id/id/pressrelease/2025/01/15/1330/profil-kemiskinan-provinsi-sumatera-barat-september-2024.html
BPS Sumbar. (2025). Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Provinsi Sumatera Barat Menurut Lapangan Usaha 2020-2024. https://sumbar.bps.go.id/id/publication/2025/04/11/b51f1d27efd1156344c35c42/produk-domestik-regional-bruto-provinsi-sumatera-barat-menurut-lapangan-usaha-2020-2024.html
Chapra, M. U. (2008). The Islamic Vision of Development in the Light of Maqasid al-Shariah. In Occasional papers series 15.
Chapra, M. U. (2016). The Future of Economics: An Islamic Perspective. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=0NGpDAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&ots=295lYLxRLB&sig=amDQAY8JHYGpjoZA4lmxKN_IprY&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Fauzi, F., Samri, Y., & Nasution, J. (2025). Zakat Produktif: Tinjauan Literatur dan Implikasinya terhadap Pembangunan Ekonomi di Indonesia. TIJARAH: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Dan Bisnis Syariah, 2(1), 19–28. https://litera-academica.com/ojs/tijarah/article/view/132
Fitradinata, K., Fadhli, M., Nugraha, R. F., & Hasan, Z. (2024). Poverty Alleviation Strategy Through the Sharia Economic Model. Maklumat: Journal of Da’wah and Islamic Studies, 2(2), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.61166/MAKLUMAT.V2I2.20
Gujarati, D. N. ., & Porter, D. C. . (2009). Basic Econometrics. https://books.google.com/books/about/Basic_Econometrics.html?hl=id&id=6l1CPgAACAAJ
Haidir, M. S. (2019). Revitalisasi Pendistribusian Zakat Produktif Sebagai Upaya Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Era Modern. Muqtasid: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah, 10(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.18326/muqtasid.v10i1.57-68
Hasibuan, I. M., & Nasution, Y. S. J. (2024). Konsep Good Governance Lembaga Pengelola Zakat. AKTIVA: Journal of Accountancy and Management, 2(2), 118–130. https://doi.org/10.24260/AKTIVA.V2I2.2190
Hermawan, A. A., Bahjatulloh, Q. M., & Penulis, N. (2022). Pengaruh Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), Pendidikan dan Pengangguran terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan dengan Zakat sebagai Variabel Moderasi di Indonesia Tahun 2016-2020. El-Amwal, 5(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.29103/EL-AMWAL.V5I1.6183
Iswardani, I., & Hasbi, H. (2021). Pengaruh Dana Zakat Produktif terhadap Tingkat Pendapatan Mustahik. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Syariah (Jurnal Akunsyah), 1(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.30863/AKUNSYAH.V1I1.2999
Jarwanto, & Anantyasari, M. (2025). Peran Zakat Produktif dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Mustahik (Studi LAZISNU Kecamatan Tegalombo). Jurnal At-Tamwil: Kajian Ekonomi Syariah, 7(2), 189–202. https://doi.org/10.33367/AT-TAMWIL.V7I2.7292
Kawakib, K. (2021). ZAKAT PRODUKTIF SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN : (Studi Kasus BAZNAS Provinsi Kalimantan Barat Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Human Securty). Al Maqashidi : Jurnal Hukum Islam Nusantara, 4(1), 18–43. https://doi.org/10.32665/ALMAQASHIDI.V4I1.905
Kogoya, Y., Walewangko, E. N., & Tumilaar, R. L. H. (2020). Analisis Struktur Ekonomi dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Kabupaten Lanny Jaya. Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Efisiensi, 20(02). https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/jbie/article/view/30081
Maghfirah, M. (2021). Efektivitas Pengelolaan Zakat dalam Mengentaskan Kemiskinan. Sosio Informa, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.33007/INF.V7I3.2571
Mandey, D. R., Engka, D. S., & Siwu, H. F. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Produk Domestik Regional Bruto, Rata-Rata Lama Sekolah, dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia terhadap Kemiskinan di Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud. Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Efisiensi, 23(1), 37–48. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/jbie/article/view/44339
Mawardi, I., Widiastuti, T., Al Mustofa, M. U., & Hakimi, F. (2023). Analyzing the Impact of Productive Zakat on the Welfare of Zakat Recipients. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 14(1), 118–140. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-05-2021-0145
Mubarokah, M. N., & Pimada, L. M. (2024). Pengaruh Penyaluran Zakat, PDRB dan Pendidikan terhadap Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Provinsi Yogyakarta Tahun 2016-2022. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 10(3), 2580–2590. https://doi.org/10.29040/JIEI.V10I3.14577
Napitupulu, R. M., Sukmana, R., & Rusydiana, A. S. (2024). Governance of Islamic Social Finance: Learnings from Existing Literature. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 17(3), 552–571. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-06-2023-0222
Nurhakim, L., & Budimansyah, S. (2024). Kajian Pustaka tentang Kontribusi Zakat dalam Mengatasi Kemiskinan di Kalangan Umat Islam Modern. https://jicnusantara.com/index.php/jiic/article/view/894
Pemprov Sumbar. (2023). Data Pengumpulan Zakat, Infaq, dan Sedekah Tahun 2023 Baznas se-Sumatera Barat. https://data.sumbarprov.go.id/dataset/e014b539-eae0-4a46-b241-562451b4dee8/resource/198bc436-a7e7-407e-93ec-3bcb8e1eb5f0
Permama, A., & Baehaqi, A. (2018). Manajemen Pengelolaan Lembaga Amil Zakat dengan Prinsip Good Governance. Al-Masraf: Jurnal Lembaga Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 3(2), 117–131. https://doi.org/10.15548/AL-MASRAF.V3I2.195
Rahayu, D. P., & Anwar, Moch. K. (2021). Pengaruh Penyaluran Dana Zakat Produktif terhadap Pendapatan Mustahiq pada Lembaga Manajemen Infaq Perwakilan Jawa Timur di Surabaya. Jurnal Ekonomika Dan Bisnis Islam, 4(1), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.26740/JEKOBI.V4N1.P24-32
Ridwan, M., Salam, A., Aspandi, A., & Muttaqin, M. A. (2025). Productive Zakat Governance Model for Improving the Quality of Islamic Education. https://ejournal.insuriponorogo.ac.id/index.php/scaffolding/article/view/7774
Robbana, A., Raghibi, A., & Fahm, A. G. O. (2023). Revisiting Socioeconomic Development Hypothesis: Does Zakat Matter for OIC Member Countries? Journal of the Knowledge Economy 2023 15:3, 15(3), 14379–14404. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13132-023-01632-Y
Rusydiana, A. S., Prakoso, M. F. D., Aslan, H., & Riani, R. (2025). Unveiling the Effects of Zakat Toward Socioeconomic Empowerment in OIC Countries. International Journal of Ethics and Systems. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-10-2024-0331/1253321
Saputro, R. H., & Arif, M. (2024). What Factors Affecting Poverty Rates in Indonesia? Empirical Evidence from West Sumatera. Journal of Enterprise and Development (JED), 6(1), 248–258. https://doi.org/10.20414/JED.V6I1.9430
Sitorus, S. A., & Ashar, K. (2025). Analysis of Factors Influencing Poverty in The Special Region of Yogyakarta. Journal of Development Economic and Social Studies, 4(2), 670–685. https://doi.org/10.21776/JDESS.2025.04.2.25
Subhan, ZA. Moh. Ah., Wirasabda, M. A., Marpuah, S., & Ritonga, I. (2025). Enhancing Economic Empowerment through Productive Zakat: A Case Study of Coastal Communities Cak Kaji Program by BAZNAS, Indonesia. IQTISHODUNA: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 14(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.54471/IQTISHODUNA.V14I1.2919
Sugiarti, E., & Aji, G. (2024). Dampak Penyaluran Distribusi Zakat terhadap Inklusi Keuangan dan Pengentasan Kemiskinan. Aksyana : Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Islam, 3(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.35194/AJAKI.V3I1.4189
Sugiyono. (2021). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta. https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=1543971#
Sukri, F. B. (2019). Analisis Program Zakat Produktif sebagai Pengentasan Kemiskinan pada Lembaga Pengelola Zakat di Wilayah Kota Yogyakarta. Az-Zarqa’: Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Islam, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.14421/AZZARQA.V11I1.2080
Thoriq, M., Mukti, P., & Soraya, S. (2024). Pengaruh Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) terhadap Kemiskinan dan Tenaga Kerja. JSN : Jurnal Sains Natural, 2(2), 25–28. https://doi.org/10.35746/JSN.V2I2.387
Wahyuningsih, S. (2020). Efektifitas Zakat Produktif terhadap Pengentasan Tingkat Kemiskinan Studi Kasus BAZNAS Kabupaten Bengkalis. IQTISHADUNA: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Kita, 9(1), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.46367/IQTISHADUNA.V9I1.211
Watif, M., RamadhaniJT, A., Syam Almazini Tahir, L., Hikmah, N., & Negeri Makassar, U. (2024). Ketimpangan Sosial dan Kemiskinan Pada Masyarakat Perkotaan. PESHUM : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial Dan Humaniora, 3(4), 536–547. https://doi.org/10.56799/PESHUM.V3I4.3811
Wibowo, W., & Endraswati, H. (2025). Potret Empiris Zakat dan Pengentasan Kemiskinan: Systematic Literature Review. Ekonomica Sharia: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Pengembangan Ekonomi Syariah, 10(2), 319–344. https://doi.org/10.36908/ESHA.V10I2.1408
Zakiy, F. S., Falikhatun, F., & Fauziah, N. N. (2025). Sharia Governance and Organizational Performance in Zakat Management Organization: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 16(6), 1034–1057. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-06-2023-0188
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Herdian Mainaki, Anton Bawono, Wahyu Wibowo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Hak cipta pada setiap artikel adalah milik penulis.
Penulis mengakui bahwa MAMEN (Jurnal Manajemen) sebagai publisher yang mempublikasikan pertama kali dengan lisensi
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Penulis dapat memasukan tulisan secara terpisah, mengatur distribusi non-ekskulif dari naskah yang telah terbit di jurnal ini kedalam versi yang lain, seperti: dikirim ke respository institusi penulis, publikasi kedalam buku, dan lain-lain. Dengan mengakui bahwa naskah telah terbit pertama kali pada MAMEN (Jurnal Manajemen).
