Efektivitas Metode Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT) terhadap Peningkatan Kosa Kata pada Kasus Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55123/sehatmas.v4i4.6546Keywords:
Autism, Receptive Language, Vocabulary, EMT, Speech TherapistAbstract
Children with autism often have primary difficulties in social interaction, behavior, and communication, particularly in vocabulary acquisition. Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT) is one of the naturalistic-based methods aimed at improving language skills within the context of everyday play. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the EMT method in increasing vocabulary in children with autism. It is an experimental study using a One-group Pretest-Posttest Design with a sample of 8 children with autism, aged 4-5 years, at Keanna Center, South Jakarta. The Receptive Verbal Vocabulary Test (TKV-R), which is valid and reliable in Indonesian, was used as the assessment. The intervention was conducted in 12 sessions, each lasting 45 minutes. There was an increase in 7 out of 8 vocabulary items in children with autism after receiving the EMT intervention. The analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed an increase in the average score from 21 to 27 with a p-value of 0.018. This finding indicates that the EMT method is proven to be effective in improving vocabulary in children with autism.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, Kamiruddin, dkk. (2021) . Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif. Yayasan Penerbit Muhammad Zaini. Pidie Provinsi Aceh.
Berger, N. I., & Ingersoll, B. (2014). A further investigation of goal-directed intention understanding in young children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(12), 3204-3214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2181-z
Camarata, S., Stiles, S., & Birer, S. (2024). Naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions for developmental language disorder. American Journal of Speech Language Pathology, 33(2), 627–641. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023 _AJSLP-23-00116
Davison, M. D., Qi, C., & Kaiser, A. (2020). Enhanced milieu teaching strategies for preschool children with autism spectrum disorder. Young Exceptional Children, 24(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/1096250620928335
Dubin, A. H., Lieberman Betz, R. G., Ayres, K. M., & Zawoyski, A. (2020). The effects of prelinguistic milieu teaching implemented in classrooms for preschoolers with or at risk for autism spectrum disorder. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 35(2), 79–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088357619888917
Haebig, E., Sterling, A., & Ellis Weismer, S. (2021). Language learning mechanisms in children with autism spectrum disorder: Insights from word learning studies. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 64(2), 452–468. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00112
Hampton, L. H., Kaiser, A. P., & Fuller, E. A. (2020). Multi-component communication intervention for children with autism: A randomized controlled trial. Autism, 24(8), 2104-2116. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361320934558
Julien, H. M., & Reichle, J. (2016). A comparison of high and low dosages of a component of milieu teaching strategies for two preschool age learners with autism spectrum disorder. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 47(1), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1044/2015_LSHSS-15-0035
Kaiser, A. P., & Hampton, L. H. (2017). Enhanced milieu teaching: Effects of parent-implemented language intervention. Journal of Early Intervention, 39(2), 135–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053815116686118
Kaiser, A. P., & Roberts, M. Y. (2013). Parent-implemented enhanced milieu teaching with preschool children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 56(1), 295–309. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2012/11-0231)
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2018, November 2). Potret Sehat Indonesia dari Riskesdas 2018. Sehat Negeriku.https://sehatnegeriku. kemkes.go.id/baca/umum/20181102/0328464/potret-sehat-indonesia-riskesdas-2018/
Kover, S. T., & Weismer, S. E. (2014). Lexical characteristics of expressive vocabulary in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 57(4), 1428–1441.https://doi.org/ 10.1044/2014_JSLHR-L-13-0006
Lang, R., Hancock, T. B., & Singh, N. N. (2016). Early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder. Springer. https://doi.org/10. 1007/978-3-319-30925-5
Muldoon, D. M., & Gray, R. (2023). Teaching receptive vocabulary to minimally verbal preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder: A single case multiple baseline design. American Journal of Speech Language Pathology, 32(6), 3036–3047. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_AJSLP-23-00095
National Institute of Mental Health. (2024). FY 2024 budget: Congressional justification. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. diakses dari https://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/budget/fy-2024-budget-congressional-justification
Nevill, R., Hedley, D., Uljarević, M., Sahin, E., Zadek, J., Butter, E. M., & Mulick, J. A. (2017). Language profiles in young children with autism spectrum disorder: A community sample using multiple assessment instruments. Autism, 23(1), 141-153. https://doi.org/10.1177/136236131772624
Odom, S. L., Horner, R. H., Snell, M. E., & Blacher, J. (Eds.). (2007). Handbook Of Developmental Disabilities. New York, NY: Guilford Press. https://Books.Google.Com/Books/About/Handbook_Of_Develomental_ Disabili ties.Html?Id=U4vpckvomhkc
Peters Scheffer, N. C., Huskens, B., Didden, R., & van der Meer, L. (2016). Prelinguistic milieu teaching (hlm. 151–175). Early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder: Evidence based practices in behavioral health (hlm. 151–175). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30925-5_6
Setiawan, Akbar.(2022). Tes Kosakata Verbal Reseptif. Imejpro
Shrestha, R et al.(2024). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children in Southeast Asia from 2002 to 2022: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Science Reports, 7(2), e2005.https://doi.org/10.1002 /hsr2.2005
Stefanni, D. M. (2024, 13 Mei). Wamenkes ungkap 2,4 juta anak di Indonesia idap autisme. DetikHealth. https://health.detik.com/berita-detikhealth/d-7336606/wamenkes-ungkap-2-4-juta-anak-di-indonesia-idap-autisme
Sugiyono. (2013). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D (hal. 88). Bandung: Alfabeta.
Vivanti, G., Paynter, J., Duncan, E., Fothergill, H., Dissanayake, C., & Rogers, S. J. (2014). Effectiveness and feasibility of the Early Start Denver Model implemented in a group-based community childcare setting. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(12), 3140-3153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2168-9
Walton, K. M., & Ingersoll, B. R. (201). Evaluation of a sibling-mediated imitation intervention for young children with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 27(3), 153-167. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300712437044
Williams, E., Reddy, V., & Costall, A. (2001). Taking a closer look at functional play in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31, 67–77. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005665714197
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Enita Linggar Aswari, Dian Atnantomi Wiliyanto, Gunawan Gunawan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Hak cipta pada setiap artikel adalah milik penulis.
Penulis mengakui bahwa SEHATMAS (Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat) sebagai publisher yang mempublikasikan pertama kali dengan lisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Penulis dapat memasukan tulisan secara terpisah, mengatur distribusi non-ekskulif dari naskah yang telah terbit di jurnal ini kedalam versi yang lain, seperti: dikirim ke respository institusi penulis, publikasi kedalam buku, dan lain-lain. Dengan mengakui bahwa naskah telah terbit pertama kali pada SEHATMAS (Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat).
