AUTHORSHIP AND CONTRIBUTORSHIP

Authorship at a Glance
Who is an author	A person who meets all four criteria in section 1.
Number of authors	Fewer than five authors for each manuscript.
Names in the manuscript	Written without academic titles. The corresponding author is marked with an asterisk.
Submission metadata	All authors are added in the metadata of the submission, in the same order as in the manuscript.
Contribution statement	Required for every manuscript, including a manuscript with one author.
Other contributors	Named in the Acknowledgements (Ucapan Terima Kasih), in the Closing section.
AI tools	Never listed as authors.

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1Eligibility for Authorship

A person qualifies as an author only if all four of the criteria below are met.

No.	Criterion	What it means
1	Substantive contribution	A substantive contribution to the conception or the design of the activity, to the collection of data or materials, or to the analysis and the interpretation of the results.
2	Drafting or revision	Drafting the manuscript, or revising it critically for important intellectual content.
3	Final approval	Approving the final version of the manuscript and any later substantive revisions.
4	Accountability	Accepting accountability for the work and cooperating in answering questions about its accuracy and integrity.

People who make such a contribution should have a fair opportunity to take part in the development, the review, and the approval of the manuscript.

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2Author Contribution Statement

Every manuscript needs a statement that names each author and describes the actual contribution of that author. All authors must review and accept the statement. Contributions can be described in narrative form or by using the CRediT roles in the table below. A role can be shared by several authors, and one author can hold several roles. Listing a contribution does not by itself establish eligibility for authorship. A manuscript with a single author also needs the statement.

The article template has no section for the statement. Authors provide it with the submission, for example in the comments for the editor, or when the editors request it during the review.

CRediT role	Meaning
Conceptualization	Formulating the ideas, the goals, and the aims of the work.
Methodology	Developing or designing the method of the work.
Software	Programming and implementing computer code and supporting algorithms.
Validation	Verifying the replication and the reproducibility of the results.
Formal analysis	Applying statistical, mathematical, or other techniques to analyze the data.
Investigation	Carrying out the activity or the research, including the collection of data and evidence.
Resources	Providing materials, instruments, partners, participants, or other resources.
Data curation	Managing, annotating, and maintaining the data.
Writing: original draft	Preparing the first version of the manuscript.
Writing: review and editing	Reviewing and revising the manuscript critically.
Visualization	Preparing figures, tables, and other presentations of the data.
Supervision	Overseeing and leading the planning and the execution of the work.
Project administration	Managing and coordinating the activities of the project.
Funding acquisition	Obtaining financial support for the project.

The example below shows the format of a contribution statement for three authors.

Author	Contribution
A.B.	Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing: original draft
C.D.	Investigation, Data curation, Visualization
E.F.	Supervision, Writing: review and editing
All authors	All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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3Author Approval, Order, and Metadata

• A manuscript lists fewer than five authors, as the article template requires. People who contributed to the activity but are not listed as authors are named in the Acknowledgements, as described in section 5. If a team believes that more than four people meet all four criteria, please write to the editorial office before submitting the manuscript.
• Author names are written without academic titles, and the affiliation of each author gives the study program, the faculty, the institution, the city, and the country.
• All authors must agree to the submission, the list and the order of the authors, the contribution statement, the designation of the corresponding author, and any substantive revision.
• The authors decide the order of their names together, on the basis of their contributions and the norms of their field. The journal does not infer the size of a contribution from the position of a name.
• A statement of equal contribution is allowed if it is accurate and all authors agree to it.
• All authors must be added in the metadata of the submission, with their affiliations and email addresses, and the metadata must match the names and the order in the manuscript.

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4Responsibilities of the Corresponding Author

The corresponding author is the main contact with the journal. This role does not give sole ownership of the work, and it does not override the approval of the coauthors. The corresponding author is marked with an asterisk in the manuscript. The duties of the corresponding author are:

1. to confirm that all eligible authors are included and that they have approved the submission;
2. to coordinate the author information, the contribution statement, and the declarations that are required;
3. to pass editorial correspondence on to the coauthors and to coordinate the responses that are agreed;
4. to keep a working email address and to respond to the editors and to readers before and after publication.

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5Contributors Who Are Not Authors and Acknowledgements

Contributors who do not meet all the criteria for authorship are named in the Acknowledgements (Ucapan Terima Kasih). In the article template, the Acknowledgements are written as the last subheading of the Closing section (D. PENUTUP), after the conclusion and the suggestions and before the References. The role of each person is described, the consent of the person to be named is obtained, and excessive expressions of thanks are avoided. Please see Manuscript Preparation for the layout of the manuscript.

The following activities alone do not establish authorship:

• securing funding;
• general supervision of a group, or institutional leadership;
• providing facilities, or access to a partner site such as a village, a school, or a business;
• taking part in the activity as a partner or as a participant;
• routine technical work, translation, proofreading, and administrative support.

A person who performs these activities may be an author only if the person also meets all four criteria in section 1.

Professional writing or editing assistance must be acknowledged together with its source of funding. Funders and providers of facilities are also named in the Acknowledgements. An acknowledgement does not replace a disclosure under the Conflicts of Interest policy.

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6Unacceptable Authorship Practices

The journal does not accept the following practices.

Practice	Description
Gift or honorary authorship	Adding a person as an author because of status, seniority, position, relationship, or favor.
Guest authorship	Adding a prominent name to give the manuscript credibility when that person does not meet the criteria.
Ghost authorship	Leaving out an eligible author, or hiding substantial help that was received.
Authorship trading or coercion	Buying, selling, or exchanging authorship, or demanding it.

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7Changes to Authorship

Requests to add or remove an author, to change the order of the authors, or to change the corresponding author must be sent to the editorial office. Each request must include:

1. the title of the manuscript and the submission ID;
2. the proposed change and the reason for it;
3. an updated contribution statement, if the statement is affected;
4. the written agreement of every author who is affected, including any author who is added or removed.

The editors assess each request, and no request is approved automatically. The processing of the manuscript may be paused while the editors seek clarification. A request that is made after acceptance receives closer scrutiny. After a request is approved, the editorial office updates the author information in the submission.

A change after publication follows the Correction and Retraction policy. If an author cannot be reached, for example because of death or incapacity, the remaining authors must explain the situation to the editors, and they must not assume the approval of that author.

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8Authorship Disagreements

Authors should resolve any disagreement about contributions or about the order of names before they submit the manuscript. The journal may ask for information, but it does not decide between competing claims. A dispute that remains unresolved may be referred to the institution of the authors or to another competent body, and the editorial processing of the manuscript may be paused. A formal investigation follows the Allegations of Misconduct policy, and action on a published article follows the Correction and Retraction policy.

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Related Instructions and Enquiries

Manuscript Preparation Author Guidelines Publication Ethics Generative AI Policies