CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

This policy explains how Jurnal Sosiologi, Antropologi, dan Budaya Nusantara handles competing interests that could affect the reporting, the evaluation, or the publication of research. Its aim is to keep the editorial process transparent and to protect the scholarly record. In this policy the terms conflict of interest and competing interest have the same meaning.

Party	Disclosure Requirement
Authors	When: with the submission of the manuscript, in the Acknowledgments. What: a statement of competing interests and a statement of funding.
Editors	When: before accepting an assignment, and promptly if an interest arises later. What: any interest that is relevant to the manuscript.
Reviewers	When: before accepting an invitation, and promptly if an interest arises later. What: any interest that is relevant to the manuscript.

1. What Is a Competing Interest

A competing interest is any relationship or activity that could influence, or could appear to influence, the way research is conducted, reported, reviewed, or edited.

Disclosure is a protective step, not an accusation. Declaring an interest does not mean that bias or misconduct has taken place. It allows the editors and the readers to judge the work with full information.

2. Interests That Should Be Disclosed

Authors, editors, and reviewers should disclose the interests that are relevant to a manuscript or to an editorial or review assignment. The table below gives the main types of interest.

Type of Interest	Examples
Financial Relationships	Employment, consultancy, honoraria, shares, patents, royalties, or other commercial or financial benefits, for example from a publisher, a media company, a tourism or cultural business, or a developer of a product that is discussed in the study.
Funding and Sponsorship	Research funding, paid expert work, or the involvement of a sponsor in the study, for example a government body, a foundation, a company, a community organization, or an academic institution.
Personal and Professional Relationships	Close personal, family, supervisory, collaborative, or professional ties with the authors, the reviewers, or the editors, for example a supervisor and a student, close colleagues, or recent coauthors.
Interest in the Subject of the Study	Having designed, developed, led, or sold the program, project, intervention, instrument, or product that is evaluated, or studying one's own community, organization, or institution in a way that may affect objectivity.
Editorial and Journal Ties	Editorial appointments or other ties with the journal that may require a manuscript to be handled independently.

Ordinary scholarly disagreement is not, by itself, a disqualifying conflict of interest.

3. Author Responsibilities

Requirement	Description
Disclosure	All authors must disclose the interests that are relevant to the manuscript.
Statement of Competing Interests	The corresponding author prepares one statement of competing interests for the whole manuscript. If there are no competing interests, the statement must say so.
Statement of Funding	Authors must state the sources of funding, the names of the funding organizations, and the grant numbers. They must also say whether the funder had any role in the design of the study, the collection and analysis of the data, or the preparation of the manuscript.
Both Statements Are Required	The statement of funding does not replace the statement of competing interests. Both statements must be provided.
Placement	The article template has no separate sections for these statements. Write both as the final paragraphs of the Acknowledgments section, which is placed after the Conclusion and before the References. The Acknowledgments section is otherwise optional, but it must be included so that it can carry these two statements, even if there is nothing else to acknowledge.

Examples of statements

No competing interests:
The authors declare no competing interests.

A competing interest:
Author 1 is employed by an organization that runs the cultural program evaluated in this study. The other authors declare no competing interests.

Funding:
This research was funded by [name of the funder] under grant number [number]. The funder had no role in the design of the study, in the collection and analysis of the data, or in the preparation of the manuscript.

4. Editors and Reviewers

4.1 Editors

Topic	Requirement
Disclosure	Editors disclose any relevant interest before they accept an assignment, and inform the journal promptly if an interest arises later.
Recusal	An editor whose impartiality may be compromised must not make a decision on that manuscript.
Manuscripts by Editors	A manuscript that is submitted by an editor or by a member of the editorial board is handled by an editor who has no involvement with it. The author who is an editor takes no part in the evaluation or in the decision.

4.2 Reviewers

Topic	Requirement
Disclosure	Reviewers disclose any relevant interest before they accept an invitation to review, and report an interest that arises later promptly.
Declining a Review	A reviewer who has a disqualifying conflict must decline the review or withdraw from it, for example because of a close personal or supervisory tie, a recent collaboration with an author, or a competing interest in the subject. See the Peer Review Process.

Declared conflicts: When an editor or a reviewer declares a conflict, an editor who is not affected decides whether suitable safeguards are enough or whether the assignment should be given to someone else.

5. Assessment and Late Disclosure

Each declared interest is assessed for its relevance and for its possible effect on the work or on the editorial process. The outcome may be one of the following.

Possible Outcome	Description
1. Publication of the Disclosure	The disclosure is published together with the article.
2. Independent Assessment	An independent assessment of the work is requested.
3. Replacement	The editor or the reviewer who is involved is replaced.

Declarations that are missing, incomplete, or inaccurate, and interests that are disclosed after submission or after publication, are considered in their context. Material concerns are handled under the Publication Ethics, Allegations of Misconduct, and Correction and Retraction policies.

6. Scope of This Policy

This policy covers interests that are connected with research and with its assessment. Publication charges and the ownership and management of the journal are explained on the Author Fees and Ownership and Management pages. Commercial considerations do not influence editorial decisions, as stated in the Publication Ethics policy.

Related Pages and Inquiries

Page	Link
Manuscript Preparation	View the Manuscript Preparation page
Author Guidelines	View the Author Guidelines
Authorship and Contributorship	View the Authorship and Contributorship page
Publication Ethics	View the Publication Ethics policy
Peer Review Process	View the Peer Review Process