PLAGIARISM AND RESEARCH INTEGRITY POLICY

Jurnal Sosiologi, Antropologi, dan Budaya Nusantara values originality, transparency, and research integrity. Manuscripts may be screened for similarity and for other integrity concerns before or during review. Authors are encouraged to check their own manuscript with a similarity tool before submission and to complete the Letter of Originality. This policy should be read together with the Publication Ethics policy and the Generative AI Policies.

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1. Definition of Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the presentation of the words, ideas, data, or other work of another person as one's own, without giving proper credit. It may be intentional, or it may result from careless attribution. In both cases it is unacceptable in SABANA.

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2. Forms of Plagiarism

The forms below are examples and are not a complete list.

Form	Description
1. Direct Plagiarism	Copying text word for word from another source without quotation marks and attribution.
2. Paraphrasing Without Attribution	Restating the text, ideas, or analysis of another person in different words without citing the source.
3. Mosaic or Patchwork Plagiarism	Combining pieces of text from several sources, with small changes, without proper credit.
4. Unattributed Ideas	Using the ideas, arguments, theories, concepts, or findings of another person without credit.
5. Improper Use of Data	Using data, field notes, interview transcripts, recordings, or survey results that were collected by others without permission and credit.
6. Improper Use of Protected Material	Reproducing figures, tables, photographs, maps, questionnaires, interview guides, or other instruments without permission or attribution.
7. Quotation Misrepresentation	Quoting inaccurately, out of context, or without quotation marks, so that the meaning changes or the quotation appears to be the author's own words.
8. Source Misrepresentation	Citing sources that were not consulted, citing sources incorrectly, or attributing a statement to the wrong source.
9. Translation Plagiarism	Translating the text of another person from one language into another and presenting it as original work without credit.
10. Unauthorized Authorship	Submitting work written by another person, including work obtained from paid writing services, as one's own.
11. Inappropriate Text Recycling	Reusing one's own earlier text without disclosure and citation.

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3. Text Recycling, Articles Based on Theses, and Redundant Publication

Authors must disclose and cite any of their own earlier work that is reused in the manuscript. Limited overlap, such as a standard description of a method, may be acceptable. When the editors assess overlap, they consider the following factors.

Factor	What the Editors Consider
Extent	How much of the text overlaps with the earlier work.
Location	Where in the manuscript the overlap appears.
Context	The setting in which the overlapping text is used.
Attribution	Whether the earlier work is disclosed and cited.
Necessity	Whether the overlap is needed, for example to describe a standard method.
Significance	Whether the overlapping part is important to the originality of the manuscript.

An article that is based on a thesis, a dissertation, or a research project should say so, and the text should be rewritten for publication as an article. A manuscript must not be submitted to another journal at the same time as it is submitted to SABANA.

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4. Similarity and Plagiarism Screening

All manuscripts are screened for similarity, using similarity checking software such as Turnitin and Plagiarism Checker X. A similarity score is only a signal. An editor reviews every report and considers the source of the match, the amount of matching text, its location, and whether it is properly attributed.

The following matches are often acceptable.

Type of Match	Explanation
References	Entries in the bibliography and the list of references.
Quotations	Text that is quoted correctly and attributed to its source.
Common Terminology	Common terms and phrases that are normal in the field.
Standard Method Statements	Standard descriptions of methods and procedures.
Names	Names of institutions, organizations, and similar proper names.

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5. Other Forms of Research Misconduct

SABANA also treats the following as serious violations of research integrity.

Violation	Description
1. Data Fabrication or Falsification	Inventing or altering data, including fieldwork, interviews, observations, and survey responses.
2. Manipulation of Figures or Images	Changing figures, photographs, or other images in a way that misleads the reader.
3. Fabricated References or DOIs	Citing references or DOIs that do not exist.
4. Citation Manipulation	Adding citations that are not relevant to the work in order to increase citation counts.
5. Undisclosed Duplicate Publication	Publishing the same work more than once without disclosure.
6. Inappropriate Authorship	Gift, guest, or ghost authorship, or trading of authorship. See Authorship and Contributorship.
7. Peer Review Manipulation	Giving false reviewer identities or arranging reviews in an improper way.
8. Misrepresentation	Misrepresenting the methods, the ethical approval, the participants, the findings, or the sources of a study.

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6. Editorial Screening Procedure

Step	What Happens
1. Screening	The manuscript is screened for similarity and for other integrity concerns.
2. Human Assessment	An editor assesses the screening report and the manuscript.
3. Clarification	If there is a concern, the authors are asked to explain or clarify the matter.
4. Decision	The editors make a decision that is proportionate to the seriousness of the concern.

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7. Action Before Publication

Depending on the seriousness of the concern, the editors may take one or more of the following actions.

Action	Description
1. Clarification	Ask the authors to clarify the matter.
2. Corrected Citations	Ask the authors to add or correct citations.
3. Rewriting	Ask the authors to rewrite the affected text.
4. Supporting Documents	Ask for supporting documents, such as permissions or original data.
5. Pausing the Evaluation	Pause the evaluation of the manuscript until the matter is resolved.
6. Rejection	Reject the manuscript in cases of serious misconduct.

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8. Action After Publication

When a concern arises after publication, the editors follow the Correction and Retraction policy and the Allegations of Misconduct policy. The following actions may be taken.

Action	Description
1. Correction	Publish a correction to the article.
2. Expression of Concern	Publish a notice that draws attention to a concern while it is being investigated.
3. Retraction	Retract the article when the findings or the conduct of the authors make this necessary.
4. Notification of Institutions	Inform the institution or the funder of the authors where this is appropriate.
5. Other Steps	Take other steps that are proportionate to the concern.

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Automated Screening and Human Oversight

Screening software supports the editors, but it does not decide whether misconduct has occurred. Qualified editors make the final assessment on the basis of evidence and context.

Item	Policy
Scope of Screening	All manuscripts
Screening Tools	Similarity checking software such as Turnitin and Plagiarism Checker X
Similarity Indicator	About 15 percent or higher may trigger an additional review
Automatic Rejection by Percentage	No
Final Assessment	Human editorial evaluation

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Related Pages

Page	Link
Publication Ethics	View the Publication Ethics policy
Letter of Originality	Open the Letter of Originality folder
Generative AI Policies	View the Generative AI Policies
Authorship and Contributorship	View the Authorship and Contributorship page
Allegations of Misconduct	View the Allegations of Misconduct policy
Correction and Retraction	View the Correction and Retraction policy
Peer Review Process	View the Peer Review Process
Author Guidelines	View the Author Guidelines

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