Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Konsumsi Makanan Tinggi Natrium terhadap Kejadian Prehipertensi pada Mahasiswa: Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55123/sehatmas.v5i3.8774Keywords:
Prehypertension, Sodium Consumption, University StudentsAbstract
Prehypertension among university students represents a transitional cardiovascular condition with significant potential to progress toward established hypertension, warranting increasing attention within the domain of public health. This study aimed to analyze and synthesize scientific evidence regarding the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and dietary sodium consumption behaviors with the occurrence of prehypertension among university students through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Literature searches were conducted across Google Scholar, PubMed, and Portal Garuda databases using the PRISMA framework, yielding ten articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, published between 2022 and 2025, employing cross-sectional, descriptive, and quasi-experimental designs. Narrative synthesis revealed that students' knowledge levels regarding sodium-related health risks were generally categorized as adequate, yet a persistent knowledge-practice gap was consistently identified across studies. Attitudes toward sodium consumption exhibited moderate and sociodemographically influenced patterns, with associations to prehypertension largely indirect in nature. Sodium consumption behavior demonstrated the strongest and most consistent association with prehypertension incidence, yet proved most resistant to modification through educational interventions. It is concluded that prehypertension prevention strategies targeting university students necessitate multidimensional approaches that prioritize sustained behavioral modification, extending beyond mere enhancement of cognitive knowledge.
Downloads
References
Alhazmi, A., Hawash, M. M., Ali, H., Narapureddy, B. R., & Aziz, F. (2024). Knowledge , attitudes , and practices related to dietary salt among older adults in Abha , Saudi Arabia. 1–11.
Canyolu, B. A. (2025). Dietary Salt-Related Knowledge , Attitudes and Behaviors in Healthy and Hypertensive Turkish Adults from Food Choice Perspective. 1–23.
Chaiwong, S., Yeesa, S., Somporn, R., & Senrit, S. (2025). THE KNOWLEDGE OF DIETARY SODIUM , SODIUM CONSUMPTIVE BEHAVIOR , SODIUM IN FOOD , AND URINARY SODIUM OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN THAILAND. 76(2), 1–11.
Du, X., Fang, L., Xu, J., Chen, X., Bai, Y., Wu, J., & Wu, L. (2022). The association of knowledge , attitudes and behaviors related to salt with 24 ‑ h urinary sodium , potassium excretion and hypertensive status. Scientific Reports, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18087-x
El-agroudy, A. E., Arekat, M., Jaradat, A., Hamdan, R., Alnama, A., Almahmeed, E., Alshammari, A., Alanazi, R., Juhmani, H., & Almarzooq, A. (2024). Pre-hypertension and Hypertension Among University Students in Bahrain: A Study of Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors. 16(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.55989
Ghimire, K., Mishra, S. R., Neupane, D., Kallestrup, P., & Mclachlan, C. S. (2024). Association between Salt-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours and 24 h Urinary Salt Excretion in Nepal.
Gunawan, K., Say, Y., Chia, W. X., Lee, K. H., Ng, J. Y., Yeoh, J. Y., Cheng, M. H., & Chia, Y. C. (2025). Knowledge , attitude , practice ( KAP ) of salt intake , and perception , barriers and enablers ( PBE ) of salt reduction : a cross-sectional study among students and staff of a Malaysian college / university.
Ismail, L. C., Hashim, M., Jarrar, A. H., Mohamad, M. N., Qarata, S., Maidan, F., Saleh, S. T., & Stojanovska, L. (2022). Impact of a Nutrition Education Intervention on Salt / Sodium Related Knowledge , Attitude , and Practice of University Students. 9(February), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.830262
Juliani, N. K., Ayu, I. G., Septiari, A., Ayu, I., & Partha, M. (2025). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Pasien Hipertensi Dengan Tingkat Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pada Pasien Hipertensi Di Puskesmas Abiansemal II. BALI INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM, 6(1), 1–9.
Kahale, D. (2025). Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Riwayat Hipertensi Dengan Tindakan Pengendalian Tekanan Darah Pada Lansia Di Dusun Medowo Kecamatan Kandangan Kabupaten Kediri. Universitas STRADA Indonesia.
Kalsum, U., Sahira, S., Angka, A. T., Faizin, N., Mega, U., Palopo, B., Tengah, K. M., Tengah, K. M., & Tengah, K. M. (2024). Judul Artikel Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Terhadap Perilaku Pola Makan Pada Ibu Hamil Dengan Hipertensi Di Puskesmas Durikumba Kabupaten Mamuju Tengah. 17(2), 153–162.
Lizarondo, L., Stern, C., Carrier, J., Godfrey, C., Rieger, K., Salmond, S., Apostolo, J., Kirkpatrick, P., & Loveday, H. (2020). Chapter 8: Mixed methods systematic reviews. In E. Aromataris & Z. Munn (Eds.), JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Joanna Briggs Institute.
Norkhasanah, I. (2023). Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Praktik Terkait Hipertensi serta Asupan Natrium dan Kalium Penderita Hipertensi di Puskesmas Kuaro, Kabupaten Paser, Kalimantan Timur. 2(September), 214–220. https://doi.org/10.25182/jigd.2023.2.3.214-220
Rahma, P. A. (2025). Efektivitas Pendidikan Gizi Menggunakan E-Modul Berbasis Glideapps Terhadap Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Preventif Hipertensi Pada Remaja Di Kelurahan Gading Surabaya. STIKes Mitra Keluarga Jurnal Mitra Kesehatan (JMK), 07(02), 158–173.
Rahmadani, W., Yovalwan, T., Utama, T. A., & Firstania, A. (2026). Pengaruh Edukasi Kesehatan Terhadap Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Tentang Pencegahan Penyakit Paliatif Dengan Hipertensi Pada Siswa SMA di Kota Bengkulu. 12, 112–123.
Sabbu, H. P. (2024). Hubungan Konsumsi Makanan Tinggi Natrium, Sikap, dan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan Kejadian Prehipertensi pada Mahasiswa. Ghidza: Jurnal Gizi Dan Kesehatan, 8(1), 60–67.
Santoso, P. (2025). Hubungan Pola Makan Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Usia Produktif. 14(1), 124–129.
Snyder, H. (2021). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Solikha, N. A., & Fajar, I. (2024). Perbedaan Tingkat Pengetahuan, Sikap, Tingkat Konsumsi Kalium dan Natrium pada Penderita Hipertensi Sebelum dan Sesudah Konseling Gizi Menggunakan Media Booklet. Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion, 7(1), 225–236.
Zafar, A., Rizwan, B., & Jaffar, H. M. (2023). Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Dietary Salt Intake Among University Students. 4(1), 17–24.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Alya Rahmadhona
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Hak cipta pada setiap artikel adalah milik penulis.
Penulis mengakui bahwa SEHATMAS (Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat) sebagai publisher yang mempublikasikan pertama kali dengan lisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Penulis dapat memasukan tulisan secara terpisah, mengatur distribusi non-ekskulif dari naskah yang telah terbit di jurnal ini kedalam versi yang lain, seperti: dikirim ke respository institusi penulis, publikasi kedalam buku, dan lain-lain. Dengan mengakui bahwa naskah telah terbit pertama kali pada SEHATMAS (Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat).
