Peran Guru dalam Membangun Kompetensi Siswa melalui Pendekatan Pemecahan Masalah di Sekolah Dasar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55123/sosmaniora.v3i1.3244Keywords:
Student Competency, Problem-Solving Approach, Elementary School, Critical Thinking, SolutionsAbstract
This research aims to answer the question of how teachers play a role in building students' competencies through a problem-solving approach at Jagakarsa 04 Morning Public Elementary School in Jakarta. The study utilizes a qualitative approach with a case study design, where the researcher explores information on the topic under investigation. Data is collected through classroom observations and interviews with 4 teachers serving as informants. The collected data is thematically analyzed, where the researcher identifies patterns and main themes emerging from the data. The research findings indicate that the role of teachers in developing students' competencies through a problem-solving approach is crucial. Teachers not only act as facilitators helping students acquire skills through this approach but also serve as models providing good examples in problem-solving. Additionally, teachers support collaboration and teamwork among students, strengthening their problem-solving abilities collectively. Teachers also play a key role in encouraging students to develop creativity and innovation through the problem-solving approach, enhancing their critical and solution-oriented thinking skills. Lastly, teachers create a safe and supportive learning environment, allowing students to independently explore task solutions. These findings contribute new insights for teachers to optimize their roles in fostering students' competencies through a problem-solving approach in elementary schools.
Downloads
References
Albay, E. M. (2019). Analyzing the effects of the problem solving approach to the performance and attitude of first year university students. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 1(1), 100006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2019.100006
Almulla, M. A., & Al-Rahmi, W. M. (2023). Integrated Social Cognitive Theory with Learning Input Factors: The Effects of Problem-Solving Skills and Critical Thinking Skills on Learning Performance Sustainability. Sustainability, 15(5), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15053978
Belvel, P. S. (2009). Rethinking Classroom Management: Strategies for Prevention, Intervention, and Problem Solving. Corwin Press.
Borup, J., Chambers, C. B., & Stimson, R. (2019). Online Teacher and On-Site Facilitator Perceptions of Parental Engagement at a Supplemental Virtual High School. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v20i2.4237
Brown-Chidsey, R. (2005). Assessment for Intervention: A Problem-Solving Approach. Guilford Press.
Caena, F., & Redecker, C. (2019). Aligning teacher competence frameworks to 21st century challenges: The case for the European Digital Competence Framework for Educators (Digcompedu). European Journal of Education, 54(3), 356–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12345
Chang, L.-C., & Lee, G. C. (2010). A team-teaching model for practicing project-based learning in high school: Collaboration between computer and subject teachers. Computers & Education, 55(3), 961–969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.04.007
Chen, W., Hammond-Bennett, A., & Hypnar, A. (2017). Examination of motor skill competency in students: Evidence-based physical education curriculum. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 222. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4105-2
Chew, M. S. F., Shahrill, M., & Li, H.-C. (2019). The Integration of a Problem-Solving Framework for Brunei High School Mathematics Curriculum in Increasing Student’s Affective Competency. Journal on Mathematics Education, 10(2), 215–228.
Clarke, R., & Eck, J. E. (2014). Become a Problem-Solving Crime Analyst. Routledge.
Cohen, J. (2014). The foundation for democracy: School climate reform and prosocial education. Journal of Character Education, 10, 43–52.
Deep, S., Salleh, B. M., & Othman, H. (2019). Study on problem-based learning towards improving soft skills of students in effective communication class. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 25(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIL.2019.096512
Dweck, C. (2014). Teachers’ Mindsets: “Every Student has Something to Teach Me”: Feeling overwhelmed? Where did your natural teaching talent go? Try pairing a growth mindset with reasonable goals, patience, and reflection instead. It’s time to get gritty and be a better teacher. Educational Horizons, 93(2), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013175X14561420
Ellerani, P., & Gentile, M. (2013). The Role of Teachers as Facilitators to Develop Empowering Leadership and School Communities Supported by the Method of Cooperative Learning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 12–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.144
Field, H. L., & Long, J. M. (2018). Introduction to Agricultural Engineering Technology: A Problem Solving Approach. Springer.
Fredrick, T. A. (2008). Facilitating Better Teamwork: Analyzing the Challenges and Strategies of Classroom-Based Collaboration. Business Communication Quarterly, 71(4), 439–455. https://doi.org/10.1177/1080569908325860
Funke, J., Fischer, A., & Holt, D. V. (2018). Competencies for Complexity: Problem Solving in the Twenty-First Century. In E. Care, P. Griffin, & M. Wilson (Eds.), Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills: Research and Applications (pp. 41–53). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65368-6_3
Garcia, E., Elbeltagi, I., Brown, M., & Dungay, K. (2015). The implications of a connectivist learning blog model and the changing role of teaching and learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46(4), 877–894. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12184
González-Pérez, L. I., & Ramírez-Montoya, M. S. (2022). Components of Education 4.0 in 21st Century Skills Frameworks: Systematic Review. Sustainability, 14(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031493
Häkkinen, P., Järvelä, S., Mäkitalo-Siegl, K., Ahonen, A., Näykki, P., & Valtonen, T. (2017). Preparing teacher-students for twenty-first-century learning practices (PREP 21): A framework for enhancing collaborative problem-solving and strategic learning skills. Teachers and Teaching, 23(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2016.1203772
Hang, L. T., & Van, V. H. (2020). Building Strong Teaching and Learning Strategies through Teaching Innovations and Learners’ Creativity: A Study of Vietnam Universities. International Journal of Education and Practice, 8(3), 498–510.
Holman, D., & Švejdarová, E. (2023). The 21st-Century Empowering Wholeness Adaptive (EWA) Educational Model Transforming Learning Capacity and Human Capital through Wholeness Systems Thinking towards a Sustainable Future. Sustainability, 15(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021301
Huang, H.-M. (2002). Toward constructivism for adult learners in online learning environments. British Journal of Educational Technology, 33(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8535.00236
Jacobson-Lundeberg, V. (2016). Pedagogical Implementation of 21st Century Skills. Educational Leadership and Administration: Teaching and Program Development, 27, 82–100.
Khalid, M., Saad, S., Hamid, S. R. A., Abdullah, M. R., Ibrahim, H., & Shahrill, M. (2020). Enhancing creativity and problem solving skills through creative problem solving in teaching mathematics. Creativity Studies, 13(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.3846/cs.2020.11027
Kleden, M. A., Sugi, Y., & Gerardus, U. (2018). Contextual Learning On The Basis of Coastal Culture to Enhance Students’ Competency in Mathematical Problems Solving. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1108(1), 012013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1108/1/012013
Kuo, F.-R., Chen, N.-S., & Hwang, G.-J. (2014). A creative thinking approach to enhancing the web-based problem solving performance of university students. Computers & Education, 72, 220–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.11.005
Li, S., Lajoie, S. P., Zheng, J., Wu, H., & Cheng, H. (2021). Automated detection of cognitive engagement to inform the art of staying engaged in problem-solving. Computers & Education, 163, 104114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104114
Likar, B., Cankar, F., & Zupan, B. (2015). Educational Model for Promoting Creativity and Innovation in Primary Schools. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 32(2), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.2261
Lin, K.-Y., Hsiao, H.-S., Williams, P. J., & Chen, Y.-H. (2020). Effects of 6E-oriented STEM practical activities in cultivating middle school students’ attitudes toward technology and technological inquiry ability. Research in Science & Technological Education, 38(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/02635143.2018.1561432
Lind, D. S., Rekkas, S., Bui, V., Lam, T., Beierle, E., & Copeland, E. M. (2002). Competency-Based Student Self-Assessment on a Surgery Rotation. Journal of Surgical Research, 105(1), 31–34. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsre.2002.6442
Liu, H.-Y., Chang, C.-C., Wang, I.-T., & Chao, S.-Y. (2020). The association between creativity, creative components of personality, and innovation among Taiwanese nursing students. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 35, 100629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100629
Lumpkin, A. (2008). Teachers as Role Models Teaching Character and Moral Virtues. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 79(2), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2008.10598134
Makri, E., Spiliotopoulos, D., Vassilakis, C., & Margaris, D. (2020). Human behaviour in multimodal interaction: Main effects of civic action and interpersonal and problem-solving skills. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 11(12), 5991–6006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-01846-x
Mårtensson, P., & Bild, M. (2016). Teaching and Learning at Business Schools: Transforming Business Education. CRC Press.
Martinez, M., & McGrath, D. (2014). Technology alone won’t transform teacher to facilitator. Phi Delta Kappan, 96(1), 41–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721714547861
Müller, F., Denk, A., Lubaway, E., Sälzer, C., Kozina, A., Perše, T. V., Rasmusson, M., Jugović, I., Nielsen, B. L., Rozman, M., Ojsteršek, A., & Jurko, S. (2020). Assessing social, emotional, and intercultural competences of students and school staff: A systematic literature review. Educational Research Review, 29, 100304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.100304
Mustofa, R. F., & Hidayah, Y. R. (2020). The Effect of Problem-Based Learning on Lateral Thinking Skills. International Journal of Instruction, 13(1), 463–474.
Nickerson, J., Yen, C. J., & Mahoney, J. T. (2012). Exploring the Problem-Finding and Problem-Solving Approach for Designing Organizations. Academy of Management Perspectives, 26(1), 52–72. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2011.0106
Pantić, N. (2015). A model for study of teacher agency for social justice. Teachers and Teaching, 21(6), 759–778. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2015.1044332
Pospiech, G., Eylon, B.-S., Bagno, E., & Lehavi, Y. (2019). Role of Teachers as Facilitators of the Interplay Physics and Mathematics. In G. Pospiech, M. Michelini, & B.-S. Eylon (Eds.), Mathematics in Physics Education (pp. 269–291). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04627-9_12
Rau, M. A., Zahn, M., Misback, E., Herder, T., & Burstyn, J. (2021). Adaptive support for representational competencies during technology-based problem solving in chemistry. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 30(2), 163–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508406.2021.1888733
Rojas, M., Nussbaum, M., Guerrero, O., Chiuminatto, P., Greiff, S., Del Rio, R., & Alvares, D. (2022). Integrating a collaboration script and group awareness to support group regulation and emotions towards collaborative problem solving. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 17(1), 135–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11412-022-09362-0
Sholihah, T. M., & Lastariwati, B. (2020). Problem based learning to increase competence of critical thinking and problem solving. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 14(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v14i1.13772
Simanjuntak, M. P., Hutahaean, J., Marpaung, N., & Ramadhani, D. (2021). Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning Combined with Computer Simulation on Students’ Problem-Solving and Creative Thinking Skills. International Journal of Instruction, 14(3), 519–534.
Smith, S. R., Dollase, R. H., & Boss, J. A. (2003). Assessing Students’ Performances in a Competency-based Curriculum. Academic Medicine, 78(1), 97.
Song, Y. (2018). Improving primary students’ collaborative problem solving competency in project-based science learning with productive failure instructional design in a seamless learning environment. Educational Technology Research and Development, 66(4), 979–1008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-018-9600-3
Sun, C., Shute, V. J., Stewart, A., Yonehiro, J., Duran, N., & D’Mello, S. (2020). Towards a generalized competency model of collaborative problem solving. Computers & Education, 143, 103672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103672
Szabo, Z. K., Körtesi, P., Guncaga, J., Szabo, D., & Neag, R. (2020). Examples of Problem-Solving Strategies in Mathematics Education Supporting the Sustainability of 21st-Century Skills. Sustainability, 12(23), Article 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310113
Tambunan, H. (2019). The Effectiveness of the Problem Solving Strategy and the Scientific Approach to Students’ Mathematical Capabilities in High Order Thinking Skills. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(2), 293–302.
Taylor, C. (2000). Clinical problem-solving in nursing: Insights from the literature. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(4), 842–849. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01342.x
Thoonen, E. E. J., Sleegers, P. J. C., Oort, F. J., Peetsma, T. T. D., & Geijsel, F. P. (2011). How to Improve Teaching Practices: The Role of Teacher Motivation, Organizational Factors, and Leadership Practices. Educational Administration Quarterly, 47(3), 496–536. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X11400185
Wilkinson, N. (2005). Managerial Economics: A Problem-Solving Approach. Cambridge University Press.
Xu, Z., Zdravkovic, A., Moreno, M., & Woodruff, E. (2022). Understanding optimal problem-solving in a digital game: The interplay of learner attributes and learning behavior. Computers and Education Open, 3, 100117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2022.100117
Yuberti, Saregar, A., Latifah, S., Anugrah, A., Misbah, M., & Jermsittiparsert, K. (2019). Approaching The Problem-Solving Skills of Momentum and Impuls Phenomena Using Context and Problem-Based Learning (C-PBL). European Journal of Educational Research, 8(4), 1217–1227. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.4.1217
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Anim Purwanto, Dudi Ruhyadi Muharam, Agus Dwi Pryitno, Muhammad Faisal, Istiqomah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
