Analisis Efektivitas Skema Graduasi Mandiri Sejahtera pada Keluarga Penerima Manfaat (KPM) PKH di Desa Duren Kecamatan Klari Kabupaten Karawang

Abstract

The Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan/PKH) represents a strategic policy instrument of the Indonesian government aimed at addressing intergenerational poverty. The long-term success of this program largely depends on the effectiveness of its graduation scheme, which encourages beneficiary households to achieve economic independence. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the graduation scheme implementation among PKH beneficiary families in Duren Village, Klari District, Karawang Regency, and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors influencing their transition toward self-sufficiency. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies involving social facilitators and beneficiary families as key informants. The findings reveal that the graduation scheme has been implemented through the intensification of Family Development Sessions (P2K2). However, the rate of independent and prosperous graduation in Karawang still encounters structural and cultural challenges. The study identifies a persistent pattern of dependency on social assistance (dependency trap) and a reluctance among some beneficiaries to exit the program due to income uncertainty within the informal sector. From an administrative perspective, the program demonstrates effectiveness, particularly in updating beneficiary data. Nevertheless, substantively, the achievement of sustainable economic independence remains limited. Key enabling factors for successful graduation include strong internal motivation among beneficiaries and synergy with local economic empowerment initiatives. The study recommends strengthening collaboration between relevant ministries and local governments to provide access to capital, entrepreneurship training, and post-graduation economic assistance in order to ensure sustainable welfare and prevent beneficiaries from falling back into poverty.