Analisis Hierarki Kebutuhan Tokoh Utama dalam Novel Ayah Karya Andrea Hirata: Perspektif Psikologi Humanistik Abraham Maslow
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55123/sosmaniora.v5i3.8129Keywords:
Hierarchy of Needs, Literary Psychology, Novel Ayah, Paternal Parenting, Self-ActualizationAbstract
This study is motivated by the importance of literary psychology studies in understanding the psychological dynamics of characters in literary works, particularly in representing emotional experiences and character development. The purpose of this study is to describe the fulfillment of the hierarchy of needs of the main character in the novel Ayah by Andrea Hirata and to analyze the influence of paternal parenting on the character’s psychological development and self-actualization. This research employed a qualitative method using a descriptive-interpretative approach within the framework of literary psychology. The research data consisted of narrative descriptions, dialogues, and character portrayals in the novel which were analyzed using Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. The findings indicate that the main character experiences a gradual fulfillment of needs starting from physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness needs, esteem needs, and ultimately self-actualization. The fulfillment of these needs is influenced by family socio-economic conditions, internal and external conflicts, and social interactions with the surrounding environment. The father figure plays a crucial role in shaping emotional stability, life motivation, and the development of the character’s self-esteem. In conclusion, the psychological development of the main character in the novel Ayah reflects the process of fulfilling Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which is significantly influenced by paternal parenting patterns and the character’s life experiences.
Downloads
References
Aminah, S., & Fatonah, K. (2025). Nilai-nilai moral dalam novel Si Anak Kuat karya Tere Liye sebagai alternatif media pembelajaran sastra di sekolah dasar. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 10(2), 411–421.
Arman, Hamzah, A., & Mustamir. (2021). Pola asuh orang tua dalam membentuk sikap sosial peserta didik. Jurnal Al-Ilmi, 2(1), 60–72.
Ate, C. P., & Lawa, S. T. M. N. (2022). Analisis unsur intrinsik novel Ayah karya Andrea Hirata. HINEF: Jurnal Rumpun Ilmu Pendidikan, 1(1), 33–40.
Aulia, N., Makata, R. A., & Shamsu, L. S. B. H. (2023). Peran penting seorang ayah dalam keluarga perspektif anak (Studi komparatif keluarga cemara dan keluarga broken home). Socio Politica, 13(2), 87–94.
Bagtayan, Z. A., & Lantowa, J. (2022). Psychology analysis of main character in the novel Gitanjali by Febrialdi R. Pioneer: Journal of Language and Literature, 14(1), 220–234. https://doi.org/10.36841/pioneer.v14i1.1694
Banun, J. S., Aurora, A., Larasati, A. M., Manurung, I. H., & Hastuti, R. (2025). Pengaruh keterlibatan ayah dengan regulasi emosi Gen Z. Paedagogy: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Psikologi, 5(2), 4426–4441.
Dewi, E., & Subandiyah, H. (2024). Nilai moral dalam novel Ayah dan Sirkus Pohon karya Andrea Hirata (Kajian moral James Rachels). Bapala, 11(2), 206–219.
Gillani, S. A., Abbasi, P. N., & Manzoor, Z. (2025). Empowering growth: Unveiling maternal and paternal roles in adolescent development within an autonomy-supportive framework. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 9(1), 365–380. https://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2025(9-1)29
Hardianti, F., & Pamungkas, O. Y. (2023). Emosi tokoh dalam novel Ayah dan Sirkus Pohon karya Andrea Hirata. Jurnal Kridatama Sains Dan Teknologi, 5(1).
Hu, C.-P., Xu, Z., Lazic, A., Bhattacharya, P., Seda, L., Hossain, S., Jeftic, A., Ozdogru, A. A., Amaral, O. B., Miljkovic, N., Ilchovska, Z. G., Lazarevic, L. B., Bao, H. W. S., Ghodke, N., Moreau, D., Elsherif, M., Chinchu, C., Ghai, S., Carneiro, C. F. D., … Azevedo, F. (2025). Open Science in the Developing World: A Collection of Practical Guides for Researchers in Developing Countries. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 8(3), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/25152459251357565
Hutagalung, T. R., Rajagukguk, S., Siburian, P., & Panggabean, S. (2022). Analisis penokohan dan nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter dalam novel Ayah dan Sirkus Pohon karya Andrea Hirata. Jurnal Basataka, 5(2), 187–195.
Isini, F., Didipu, H., & Bagtayan, Z. A. (2022). Kebutuhan tokoh dalam novel Cinta 2 Kodi karya Asma Nadia (Tinjauan psikologi Abraham Maslow). Bastrasia: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pembelajarannya, 1(1), 1–12.
Julia, R. I., Nellitawati, Dahliana, D., Azima, N. F., & Yumna. (2021). Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu di Sekolah Dasar. EDUKATIF : JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN, 4(1), 723–731. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i1.1857
Kurrotuain, A., Raharjo, R. P., & Ahmadi, A. (n.d.). Kajian psikologi humanistik Abraham Maslow pada tokoh dalam novel Garis Waktu karya Fiersa Besari. Jurnal Tidak Tertera.
Law, L. T., Keoy, K. H., Yeoh, S. W., Goh, Q. R., & Ho, M. C. (2024). Perceived paternal parenting style and subjective well-being among undergraduate students. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 9(54), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.35631/IJEPC.954002
Maria, D. H., Triyadi, S., & Muhtarom, I. (2022). Analisis aspek kepribadian tokoh utama dalam novel Cadl karya Triskaidekaman (Tinjauan psikologi sastra). Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 8(1), 1250–1258.
Musyafa’, M., Malik, F., & Rumaday, M. H. (2025). Peran ayah dan dampaknya pada kemandirian psikologi anak di lingkungan urban-multikultural Kota Jayapura. The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Law and Civil Law, 6(2), 273–290.
Najar, A. H., Wani, I. S., & Rather, A. H. (2024). Impact of social media influencers’ credibility on destination brand trust and destination purchase intention: Extending meaning transfer model. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 100635.
Nurchasanah, Mardiningsih, & Rosyidah, I. (2024). Psikologi humanistik tokoh utama dalam novel Bu, Tidak Ada Teman Menangis Malam Ini teori Abraham Maslow. Jurnal Bahasa Indonesia, 2(2).
Nurfadillah, A. A. (2023). Perjalanan psikologi tokoh utama dalam cerpen Keluarga M karya Budi Darma: Analisis psikologi Freudian. Ruang Kata: Journal of Language and Literature Studies, 3(2), 158–168.
Nurwahidah, A., Wahyuni, I., & Mubarok, A. (2023). Hierarki kebutuhan tokoh utama dalam novel Represi karya Fakhrisina Amalia: Kajian psikologi sastra Abraham Maslow. Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, Dan Budaya, 7(4), 1399–1408.
Nurwandri, A., Sitorus, A. K., Sitorus, B. H., Panjaitan, H., Rahma, M., Handayani, M., Siahaan, M. N., Damaiyanti, M., Sanda, N., & Indriani, U. N. K. (2024). Peran ayah dalam pendidikan anak: Perspektif dan dampaknya pada perkembangan anak di Desa Pondok Bungur, Kecamatan Rawang Panca Arga Kabupaten Asahan. Jurnal Pengabdian Multidisiplin, 4(3).
Purnomo.V.D. (2023). Purnomo-2. TANOTO SCHOLARS ASSOCIATION, 1–6.
Rahmi, A. A., Hizriyani, R., & Sopiah, C. (2022). Analisis teori hierarki of needs Abraham Maslow terhadap perkembangan sosial emosional anak usia dini. Aulad: Journal on Early Childhood, 5(3), 205–214. https://doi.org/10.31004/aulad.v5i3.385
Sa’diyah, K., Indriana, N., Diantika, D. E., & Nisa’, I. F. (2024). Hierarki kebutuhan tokoh utama dalam novel Sayap-Sayap Patah karya Kahlil Gibran (Studi psikologi sastra Abraham Maslow). An-Nas: Jurnal Humaniora, 8(1), 99–111.
Sari, N. I., Tang, M. R., & Nensilianti. (2021). Fulfillment of the needs of Aini’s character in Andrea Hirata’s novel Orang-Orang Biasa (Study of Abraham Maslow’s humanistic psychology). INSIGHT: Indonesian Journal of Social Studies and Humanities, 1(2), 176–189.
Sartika, E., Kau, M. U., Asmagvira, & Ali, A. H. (2022). Analisis pendekatan psikologi sastra dalam novel Re: dan Perempuan. JBSB: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Budaya, 12(2).
Shahara, A. N., Kinanti, R., & Kurniwan, E. D. (2024). Analisis kebutuhan hierarki Abraham Maslow terhadap tokoh Rebecca pada novel Dear Nathan-Hello Salma karya Erisca Febriani. Morfologi: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra Dan Budaya, 2(1), 229–242.
Zahira, K. S., & Pratisti, W. D. (2024). Keterlibatan pengasuhan ayah dalam mendukung kemandirian anak usia dini. Program Studi Psikologi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nungky Nadya Negoro, Muhamad Burhanudin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
